Preface?x Part 1. Principles and Theories Chapter 1 moral reasoning in bioethics?3 Chapter 2 bioethics and moral theories?34 Part 2. Medical Professional and Patient Chapter 3 paternalism and patient autonomy?97 Chapter 4 truth-telling and confidentiality?176 Chapter 5 informed consent?228 Chapter 6 human research?271 Part 3. Life and Death Chapter 7 abortion?339 Chapter 8 reproductive technology?440 Chapter 9 genetic choices?562 Chapter 10 euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide?648 Part 4. Justice and Health Care Chapter 11 dividing up health care resources?743 Chapter 12 PANDEMIC ETHICS Chapter 13 RACE, RACIAL BIAS, AND HEALTH CARE Appendix?811 Glossary?813 Index?815 CONTENTS Preface?x Part 1. Principles and Theories Chapter 1 moral reasoning in bioethics?3 Ethics and Bioethics?3 Ethics and the Moral Life?5 In Depth: Morality and the Law?7 Moral Principles in Bioethics?8 Autonomy?9 Nonmaleficence?10 Beneficence?10 Utility?11 Justice?12 Ethical Relativism?13 In Depth: Anthropology and Moral Diversity?14 Ethics and Religion?17 Moral Arguments?19 Argument Fundamentals?19 Patterns of Moral Arguments?22 Review: Valid and Invalid Argument Forms?23 In Depth: Fallacies in Moral Reasoning?24 Evaluating Premises?26 Assessing Whole Arguments?28 Obstacles to Critical Reasoning Key Terms?29 Summary?29 Argument Exercises?30 Further Reading?32 Notes?33 Chapter 2 bioethics and moral theories?34 The Nature of Moral Theories?34 Influential Moral Theories?35 Utilitarianism?36 In Depth: Utilitarianism and the Golden Rule?38 Kantian Ethics?38 Principlism?40 Natural Law Theory?41 Rawls'' Contract Theory?43 Virtue Ethics?44 In Depth: Can Virtue Be Taught??46 The Ethics of Care?46 Feminist Ethics?47 Casuistry?48 Criteria for Judging Moral Theories?49 Review: Evaluating Moral Theories: Criteria of Adequacy?50 Applying the Criteria?50 Utilitarianism?51 Kant''s Theory?52 Key Terms?53 Summary?53 Further Reading?54 Notes?54 readings?55 "Utilitarianism," John Stuart Mill?55 "The Moral Law," Immanuel Kant?58 Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle?63 "The Need for More Than Justice," Annette C. Baier?78 "Moral Saints," Susan Wolf?86 Part 2. Medical Professional and Patient Chapter 3 paternalism and patient autonomy?97 Shades of Autonomy and Paternalism?97 Refusing Treatment?98 In Depth: Physician Autonomy?100 Legal Brief: Advance Directives?101 Futile Treatment?102 Legal Brief: Refusing Treatment for Children on Religious Grounds?103 In Depth: CPR and DNR?104 In Depth: Moral Conflicts in Nursing?104 Classic Case File: Elizabeth Bouvia?105 Applying Major Theories?106 Key Terms?107 Summary?107 Cases for Evaluation?108 Further Reading?110 Notes?110 readings?111 "Paternalism," Gerald Dworkin?111 "The Refutation of Medical Paternalism," Alan Goldman?121 "Why Doctors Should Intervene," Terrence F.

Ackerman?127 "Autonomy, Futility, and the Limits of Medicine," Robert L. Schwartz?132 "Four Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship," Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Linda L. Emanuel?137 "Confronting Death: Who Chooses, Who Controls? A Dialogue Between Dax Cowart and Robert Burt," Dax Cowart and Robert Burt?150 Bouvia v. Superior Court, California Court of Appeal?160 "Fundamental Elements of the Patient-Physician Relationship," AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs?165 "Advocacy or Subservience for the Sake of Patients?" Helga Kuhse?166 Chapter 4 truth-telling and confidentiality?176 Paternalism and Deception?176 In Depth: Do Patients Want the Truth? Do Physicians Tell It??177 Confidential Truths?179 Legal Brief: Confidentiality and a Duty to Warn?180 In Depth: Truth-Telling and Cultural Diversity?181 Classic Case File: Carlos R.?182 Applying Major Theories?183 Key Terms?183 Summary?183 Cases for Evaluation?184 Further Reading?186 Notes?186 readings?187 "On Telling Patients the Truth," Mack Lipkin?191 "Is It Ever OK to Lie to Patients?," Shelly K. Schwartz?193 "Why Privacy Is Important," James Rachels?204 "Confidentiality in Medicine-A Decrepit Concept," Mark Siegler?209 Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, Supreme Court of California?223 Chapter 5 informed consent?228 Autonomy and Consent?228 Conditions of Informed Consent?229 In Depth: Decision-Making Capacity?231 In Depth: Two Views of Informed Consent?233 Legal Brief: Important Informed Consent Cases? Applying Major Theories Classic Case File: Jerry Canterbury Key Terms Summary Cases for Evaluation Further Reading Notes readings "The Concept of Informed Consent," Ruth R.

Faden and Tom L. Beauchamp "Informed Consent-Must It Remain a Fairy Tale?" Jay Katz "Transparency: Informed Consent in Primary Care," Howard Brody Canterbury v. Spence, United States Court of Appeals Chapter 6 human research The Science of Clinical Trials In Depth: The Tuskegee Tragedy Beneficence, Science, and Placebos Science and Informed Consent In Depth: Women in Clinical Trials Research on the Vulnerable In Depth: Why Enter a Clinical Trial? Applying Major Theories Key Terms Summary Classic Case File: The UCLA Schizophrenia Study Cases for Evaluation Further Reading Notes readings The Nuremberg Code Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, World Medical Association "The Belmont Report," The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research "Final Report: Human Radiation Experiments," Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments "Of Mice but Not Men: Problems of the Randomized Clinical Trial," Samuel Hellman and Deborah S. Hellman "A Response to a Purported Ethical Difficulty with Randomized Clinical Trials Involving Cancer Patients," Benjamin Freedman "Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study," Allan M. Brandt "The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World," Marcia Angell "Ethical Issues in Clinical Trials in Developing Countries," Baruch Brody Part 3. Life and Death Chapter 7 abortion Starting Point: The Basics Fact File: U.S. Abortions In Depth: Abortion and Public Opinion?2021 The Legal Struggle In Depth: Abortions Performed Later in Pregnancy Persons and Rights In Depth: Does a Fetus Feel Pain? Applying Major Theories Key Terms Summary Classic Case File: Nancy Klein Cases for Evaluation Further Reading Notes readings "A Defense of Abortion," Judith Jarvis Thomson "Why Abortion Is Immoral," Don Marquis "On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion," Mary Anne Warren "Abortion and the Concept of a Person," Jane English "Abortion," Margaret Olivia Little "Abortion Through a Feminist Ethics Lens," Susan Sherwin Roe v.

Wade, United States Supreme Court Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, United States Supreme Court Chapter 8 reproductive technology In Vitro Fertilization Fact File: Assisted Reproduction In Depth: "Savior Siblings" Surrogacy In Depth: IVF and Children''s Future Children Cloning In Depth: Cloning Time Line Applying Major Theories In Depth: Sherri Shepherd: How Surrogacy Can Go Wrong Key Terms Summary Classic Case File: Baby M Cases for Evaluation Further Reading Notes readings "IVF: The Simple Case," Peter Singer "The Presumptive Primacy of Procreative Liberty," John A. Robertson "Surrogate Mothering: Exploitation or Empowerment?" Laura M. Purdy "Egg Donation and Commodification," Bonnie Steinbock "Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of the Ethical Issues Pro and Con," Dan W. Brock Chapter 9 genetic choices Genes and Genomes Genetic Testing Gene Therapy Fact File: Genetic Testing for Cancer Risk Fact File: New Developments in Gene Therapy Stem Cells Applying Major Theories Classic Case File: The Kingsburys Key Terms Summary Cases for Evaluation Further Reading Notes readings "Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children Be Immoral?" Laura M. Purdy "The Morality of Screening for Disability," Jeff McMahan "Genetic Dilemmas and the Child''s Right to an Open Future," Dena S. Davis "Disowning Knowledge: Issues in Genetic Testing," Robert Wachbroit "The Non-Identity Problem and Genetic Harms-The Case of Wrongful Handicaps," Dan W. Brock "Is Gene Therapy a Form of Eugenics?" John Harris "Genetic Enhancement," Walter Glannon "Genetic Interventions and the Ethics of Enhancement of Human Beings," Julian Savulescu "Germ-Line Gene Therapy," LeRoy Walters and Julie Gage Palmer "What Does ''Respect for Embryos'' Mean in the Context of Stem Cell Research?" Bonnie Steinbock Declaration on.