Table of Contents Foreword by Ken West 1 Preface 3 Part I: Slavery, Political Parties and the Supreme Court 1. A Pill Too Bitter to Swallow 6 The Presentation of a Complex History 7 * Racism in Context 9 * Jim Crow 11 2. The Most Oppressive Dominion 15 Slavery in the New World 17 * The ­Three-Fifths Compromise 19 * The Slave Power 22 * The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 26 * The Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 27 * The Slave Trade Act of 1794 28 * Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves of 1807 29 * The Missouri Compromise 29 * The Wilmot Proviso 31 * The Compromise of 1850 36 * Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 37 * Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 38 * The Ostend Manifesto 42 3. The Greatest Political Evil 44 The First Party System 45 * The Federalist Party 47 * The Emergence of the Whig Party 49 * The Free Soil Party 51 * Founders'' Concerns About a Party System 53 * The Era of Good Feelings 54 * Democracy and Andrew Jackson 55 * The Second Party System 56 * A Change in Political Climate 58 * Republicans from 1854 to 1860 59 * The Know Nothing Movement 62 * The Opposition Party and the Constitutional Union Party 64 * The Election of 1860 65 4. "A Slave, and Not a Citizen" 69 ­Slavery-Related Cases and the Supreme Court 71 * The Nullification Battle 72 * McCullough v. Maryland 73 * Gibbons v. Ogden 74 * The Antelope 75 * Roger B. Taney 76 * New York v.

Miln 78 * The Amistad 79 * "Unless prohibited by state legislation" 82 * Strader v. Graham 84 * Dred Scott v. Sandford 85 * Ableman v. Booth 92 * Unintended Consequences 93 * Slavery and Racism in Context 94 Part II: Politics During the Civil War Years 5. Let Us Cross Over the River 98 The Secession Movement in South Carolina 100 * The Crittenden Compromise 101 * The Struggle Toward Secession 103 * Virginia''s Debate 105 * Lincoln''s Policies in 1861 107 * The Rise of the Copperheads 112 * Controversy About Secession and Slavery 116 * Suspension of Habeas Corpus 118 * Copperhead Editorials on Slavery 120 6. The Age of the Copperheads, 1862-1863 122 The Evolution of a Struggle: 1862 123 * Copperhead Racism in the North 125 * Lincoln''s Decision: The Emancipation Proclamation 127 * Copperhead Reaction 131 * The Copperhead Response 135 * The Intellectual Arm of the Copperheads 136 * ­Pro-Lincoln Responses 138 * The Enrollment Act 139 * Growing Copperhead Strength 143 * A Change in Sentiment 145 7. Copperhead Resistance, 1864-1865 148 Possible Replacement Candidates for Lincoln 148 * Southern Economic Problems in 1864 151 * The Party Platforms 154 * Conspiracy in 1864 by Copperhead Groups 158 * Confederate Efforts at Negotiating Peace 162 * The Political Climate in 1864 163 * Political Responses to Lincoln''s Victory 165 * ­Post-Election Conditions and the Thirteenth Amendment 166 Part III: Politics During Reconstruction 8. Parties in Conflict--The Johnson Administration 172 Andrew Johnson and the ­Post-War Era 173 * The New Administration and the South 174 * The Freedmen''s Bureau Bill 175 * Black Codes in 1865 and 1866 178 * The Civil Rights Act of 1866 180 * Johnson''s Loyalty to the Democrats 182 * Concerns Among Democrats 185 * The Election of 1868 187 9.

 Presidents Grant and Hayes and the Ku Klux Klan 190 President Grant''s Election 192 * Origins of Secret Societies in the U.S. 195 * The Klan''s Purpose Evolves 198 * The Klan As an Underground Terrorist Organization 200 * Grant''s Second Administration 203 Chapter Notes 209 Bibliography 223 Index 235.