Over the last decade, a policy revolution has been under way in the developing and emerging world. Country after country is systematically providing noncontributory transfers to poor and vulnerable people, in order to protect them against economic shocks and to enable them to invest in themselves and their children. Social safety nets or social transfers, as these are called, have spread rapidly from their early prominence in the middle-income countries of Latin America and Europe increasingly to nations in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East-and today, more than 130 developing countries have made investments in social safety nets an important pillar of economic development policies. The statistics and analysis in The State of Social Safety Nets 2018 capture this evolution and reveal it in many dimensions at the country, regional, and international levels. This latest edition of a periodic series brings together a large body of data that was not previously available, drawing on the World Bank's Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity (ASPIRE) database and other sources. Why have so many countries made a firm commitment to incorporate social safety nets as part of their social and economic policy architecture? Because social safety nets work. This report also examines the rigorous evidence that demonstrates their impact, and points the way to making them even more efficient and effective at meeting their development goals.