Chapter 1Why Was the Engine Needed? .1Water Keeper Christiaan Huygens'' Idea . 1Beginning of the Steam Engine . 5Chapter 2A Great Work of the Early Period: Newcomen''s Steam Engine . 7Fundamental Reformation of the Heat Engine . 7Young Man Potta''s Tenacious Spirit . 8Chapter 3The Watt Steam Engine Grew from a Model Steam Engine . 11An Indispensable Problem-Solving Technique .

11The White Pigeon . 12Watt''s Idea for His New Engine Came from the Newcomen Engine. 15Chapter 4How Was an Internal-Combustion Engine Established? . 19Barrier Against the Birth of the Internal-Combustion Engine. 19Who Conceived the Principle of the Four-Stroke Cycle Engine? . 20Appendix A4 Compression Ratio and Thermal Efficiency . 21Chapter 5The Mind of Nicolaus August Otto . 23The Source of Inspiration in Solving a Problem Is Consciousness .

23Otto''s Dream Surviving in Present Measures on Exhaust Gas . 24Chapter 6Truth About the Completion of the Otto Engine . 27Have a Support Person . 27Maybach''s Two Distinguished Services . 27Chapter 7The Problems of Piston and Cylinder . 31We Still Have Seizure Problems . 31Lubricating Oil Consumption and Engine Life . 32Two Key Factors to Extending Engine Life .

35Appendix A7 Critical "Diseases" in Engine Life . 39Chapter 8Engine Life and Cylinder . 43Life of Aircraft and Automotive Engines . 43Invention of Boron Cylinder Liner . 46Main Factors in Extending Engine Life . 49Chapter 9Another Genius, Sadi Carnot . 51Unrealizable Carnot''s Cycle . 51Carnot''s Excellent Idea .

53Writing Between Military Services . 55Appendix A9 Exergie and Anergie in Engine . 56Chapter 10Carnot''s Dream, Adiabatic Engine (I) . 61Oil Shock and Enforcement of the Clean Air Act . 61Idea of Adiabatic Engine . 62War and Development of Scientific Technology . 65Basis of Energy Saving . 68Appendix AlO Heat Loss in Theoretical Cycle and Recoveryof Exhaust Gas Energy .

69Chapter 11Carnot''s Dream, Adiabatic Engine (U) . 73Challenge by Isuzu and Hino . 73Revival of Compound Engine . 74Appendix Al 1-1 Founder of Compound Engine . 79Appendix Al 1-2 Combustion Phenomenon on Heat-Insulated Engine .79Appendix Al 1-3 Fruit of Research on Heat-Insulated Engine . 84Chapter 12Otto Is Also a Pioneer in the Use of Exhaust Gas Energy . 87Historic EHV Engine .

87Idea Bought by Sugar Company . 89Idea of Double Expansion . 90End of the Harrah Museum and Its Miraculous Revival . 90Appendix A12 Otto''s Double Expansion Engine . 93Chapter 13Problem of Cooling (I) . 95Renovation of Curtiss . 95What Caused the Prestigious Company to Decline? . 96Chapter 14Talk About Oil Cooler .

103Control of Combustion . 103Efficiency Enhancement of Oil Cooler . 105Chapter 15Discussion of the Hino Micro Mixing System. 109Indirect or Direct Fuel Injection?. 109Diesel Engine Manufacturers Worldwide Were at a Loss. 109Search for Mysterious Port . 110Appendix A15-1 NOX Emission from Direct and IndirectInjection Engines . 111Appendix A15-2 In-Cylinder Air Turbulence and HMMS .

112Appendix A15-3 Hypothesis of HMMS . 117Appendix A15-4 Turbulence Generation Mechanism in HMMS. 119Chapter 16Problem of Cooling (II). 123Michelotti''s Rejection . 123Regie Renault Getting Nervous . 125Design of Engine Compartment . 128High-Speed Plane Ki-83 . 131Appendix A16 Contessa''s Cooling System.

132Chapter 17Fate Depended on Engine Compartment . 137Water-Cooled Rear Engine Car Tucker. 137Excess Idea Backfired. 139Tucker Car Likes Old Crow (Kentucky Bourbon) . 140Chapter 18An Engine Compartment That Ruined the Third Reich . 143Appearance of Four-Engine Strategic Bomber . 143Lessons from Japan and United States Prototype Planes . 149Chapter 19An Engine Compartment That Saved a Nation .

155Development of Lancaster . 155Chadwick''s Extraordinary Talent . 156Chapter 20Twin Beauties, Quadruplets and Their Early Death . 159Bugatti, the Best Among Beauties . 159Development of a Parallel Eight-Cylinder Coupled Engine . 162Chapter 21Imitation of Porsche . 165Masterpiece Renault 4CV . 165Birth of Volkswagen .

166Chapter 22Rolls-Royce Copying Daimler . 169Long Story Deriving from a Stolen Engine . 169Royce''s Decision . 171Successors of Mercedes . 176Chapter 23Talk About Knocking . 179Knocking Phenomenon . 179Kettering Permitted the Peeping . 180Controlling the Knocking .

182Victory as a Result of Teamwork . 185Is Knocking Actually Detonation? . 185Chapter 24Energy Conservation and Tank Designer . 189Characteristics of X Car . 189Problem in F-F Use . 190Chapter 25Dead Copy Saved Nation . 193Really Wonderful Christie Tank . 193Appearance of the T34 Tank .

195Difference Between the Russian and Japanese Engineering Staffs . 196Chapter 26The Enigma of the T34 Tank . 199Excellent Soviet Union Engineering Staff . 199Why Was the Christie Tank Sold? . 202Christie Had Made a Mistake, but He Did Not Sell His Soul . 205Appendix A26 B2 (or V2) Diesel Engine for T34 Tank . 206Chapter 27Dream in Star-Shaped, Radial Engine (I) . 209What Is a Star-Shaped Engine (Radial Engine)? .

209Hino Motors and GM Oppose Each Other with Stars Afloat on Sea . 210Success of Gnome Engine . 212Appendix A27-1 The Gnome Engine Was Formed froman Abundance of Ideas . 215Appendix A27-2 The Origin and Growth of Gasuden''s Aeroengines,the Shimpu (KAMIKAZE) and the Tempu (AMAKAZE) . 216Chapter 28Dream in Star-Shaped, Radial Engine (II) . 221Century''s Masterpiece Born from a Hungry Spirit . 221Tragedy of Langley''s Aerodome . 223The Root of the "Star" or Radial Engine Was in Australia .

225More Valve Consumed Than Fuel . 226Appendix A28 Cooling Problem in the ABC Engine . 229Chapter 29A Group of Fallen "Stars" (Radial Engine) . 235Brief Appearance and Extinction Like a Meteor . 235People Tracing "Stars" (Radial Engine) . 236Product Value Increased by Technology Fulfilling the Users'' Needs. 241Chapter 30Six-Monkey Village or Salmson Still Carrying Its Point. 243The First and Last Water-Cooled Radial Engine .

243Canton-Unne Engine . 245Salmson''s Successor . 246Salmson''s Progressive Idea Admired by Benz . 249Appendix A30-1 Internal Moment of Engine . 250Appendix A30-2 Canton-Unn6 System . 254Appendix A30-3 Similarities Between the Benz Formula Engineand the Salmson Engine . 255Chapter 31Do "Stars" (Radial Engines) Twinkle Again? . 261The Fate of Radial Engines Like a Comet .

261Trial Manufacture of a Liquid-Cooled Radial Engine in theUnited States and Germany . 262Roots of French and American "Stars". 268Do the "Stars" Go Out? Future of New Americanand German "Stars". 270Appendix A31 Zoche Aero Diesel Engine . 273Chapter 32Glory and Tragedy of Packard (I) . 275Impact of Life Magazine . 275Achievement of Successive World Records by Packard . 276Fierce Competition in Improvement .