Introduction Why do we need this? Crowd modelling Research background Understanding the problem Learning from past experience The root of the problem Research revisited Cost-effective crowd safety modelling Conclusions Crowd risk analysis Introduction Basic planning/approval requirement Understanding the basic skills Body space Event guidance Defining risks The minimum is not enough Keep the crowd density low A bigger picture Graphing the results Better references Dangerous crowd simulations Defining ''risk'' due to density Causality Introduction Causality Event legislation Site design: theory Crowd forces Underlying causality Crowd science Introduction Modelling Crowd dynamics and crowd science Caveat emptor Are all crowd simulations bad? Applications of a crowd simulation Validation Summary Crowd and event modelling Introduction The crowd management plan Modelling for a major project What is an event model? RAMP analysis Routes Areas Movement Profile RAMP analysis: Summary DIM-ICE: Summary Decision support analysis Case studies and examples Introduction Assessing the risk assessment Case study examples Modelling an event A picture speaks a thousand words How to begin Visualising risk RAMP analysis Ingress--capacity--Beijing Olympics Torch Relay Manchester United Victory Parade Hillsborough (1989) Ingress--circulation--Lincoln Christmas Market Event--site capacity--Leicester Caribbean Carnival Circulation--capacity--The Jamarat Bridge System rules Ingress--egress (shared space)--Love Parade Disaster Egress--congestion--London New Year Event (Fireworks) Egress--crowd management--Wembley White Summary Control room applications Introduction Incident detection Control room Understanding crowd dynamics Real-time decision support tool Real-time information Mass transit systems Estimating density Emergency management Prevention Paradox of choice Four solutions Problems with evacuation simulations The way forward Introduction Increased awareness Ultimate responsibility Event process Information--education--application Why should you listen to us? Final word Appendix A: Essential crowd safety mathematics Appendices Index es Underlying causality Crowd science Introduction Modelling Crowd dynamics and crowd science Caveat emptor Are all crowd simulations bad? Applications of a crowd simulation Validation Summary Crowd and event modelling Introduction The crowd management plan Modelling for a major project What is an event model? RAMP analysis Routes Areas Movement Profile RAMP analysis: Summary DIM-ICE: Summary Decision support analysis Case studies and examples Introduction Assessing the risk assessment Case study examples Modelling an event A picture speaks a thousand words How to begin Visualising risk RAMP analysis Ingress--capacity--Beijing Olympics Torch Relay Manchester United Victory Parade Hillsborough (1989) Ingress--circulation--Lincoln Christmas Market Event--site capacity--Leicester Caribbean Carnival Circulation--capacity--The Jamarat Bridge System rules Ingress--egress (shared space)--Love Parade Disaster Egress--congestion--London New Year Event (Fireworks) Egress--crowd management--Wembley White Summary Control room applications Introduction Incident detection Control room Understanding crowd dynamics Real-time decision support tool Real-time information Mass transit systems Estimating density Emergency management Prevention Paradox of choice Four solutions Problems with evacuation simulations The way forward Introduction Increased awareness Ultimate responsibility Event process Information--education--application Why should you listen to us? Final word Appendix A: Essential crowd safety mathematics Appendices Indexg risk RAMP analysis Ingress--capacity--Beijing Olympics Torch Relay Manchester United Victory Parade Hillsborough (1989) Ingress--circulation--Lincoln Christmas Market Event--site capacity--Leicester Caribbean Carnival Circulation--capacity--The Jamarat Bridge System rules Ingress--egress (shared space)--Love Parade Disaster Egress--congestion--London New Year Event (Fireworks) Egress--crowd management--Wembley White Summary Control room applications Introduction Incident detection Control room Understanding crowd dynamics Real-time decision support tool Real-time information Mass transit systems Estimating density Emergency management Prevention Paradox of choice Four solutions Problems with evacuation simulations The way forward Introduction Increased awareness Ultimate responsibility Event process Information--education--application Why should you listen to us? Final word Appendix A: Essential crowd safety mathematics Appendices Indexons The way forward Introduction Increased awareness Ultimate responsibility Event process Information--education--application Why should you listen to us? Final word Appendix A: Essential crowd safety mathematics Appendices Index.