PART I: ORIENTATION TO BASIC NUTRITION CHAPTER 1: Overview of Healthy Eating Habits BASIC NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF NUTRIENTS BASIC CONCEPTS OF NUTRITION GOVERNMENT NUTRITION CONCERNS NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS: DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES (DRIs) FOOD GUIDANCE SYSTEMS FOR AMERICANS DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS FOOD PYRAMID SYSTEM OTHER FOOD GUIDES NUTRITION LABELING CHAPTER 2: The Alimentary Canal: Digestion and Absorption PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ORAL CAVITY ESOPHAGUS GASTRIC DIGESTION SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE CHAPTER 3: Carbohydrate: The Efficient Fuel CLASSIFICATION PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES REQUIREMENTS SOURCES HYPER-STATES AND HYPO-STATES SUGAR SUBSTITUTES CHAPTER 4: Protein: The Cellular Foundation AMINO ACIDS CLASSIFICATION PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES REQUIREMENTS SOURCES UNDERCONSUMPTION AND HEALTH-RELATED PROBLEMS OVERCONSUMPTION AND HEALTH-RELATED PROBLEMS CHAPTER 5: Lipids: The Condensed Energy CLASSIFICATION CHEMICAL STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF FATTY ACIDS COMPOUND LIPIDS CHOLESTEROL PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES DIETARY FATS AND DENTAL HEALTH DIETARY REQUIREMENTS SOURCES OVERCONSUMPTION AND HEALTH-RELATED PROBLEMS UNDERCONSUMPTION AND HEALTH-RELATED PROBLEMS FAT REPLACERS CHAPTER 6: Utilization of the Energy Nutrients: Metabolism and Balance METABOLISM THE ROLE OF THE LIVER THE ROLE OF THE KIDNEYS CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM PROTEIN METABOLISM LIPID METABOLISM ALCOHOL METABOLISM METABOLIC INTERRELATIONSHIPS METABOLIC ENERGY BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR) TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS ENERGY BALANCE CHAPTER 7: Vitamins Required for Calcified Structures OVERVIEW OF VITAMINS VITAMIN A (RETINOL, CAROTENE) VITAMIN D (CALCIFEROL) VITAMIN E (TOCOPHEROL) VITAMIN K VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID) CHAPTER 8: Minerals Essential for Calcified Structures BONE MINERALIZATION AND GROWTH FORMATION OF TEETH INTRODUCTION TO MINERALS CALCIUM PHOSPHORUS MAGNESIUM FLUORIDE CHAPTER 9: Nutrients Present in Calcified Structures COPPER SELENIUM CHROMIUM MANGANESE MOLYBDENUM ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS CHAPTER 10: Vitamins Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands PHYSIOLOGY OF SOFT TISSUES THIAMIN (VITAMIN B1) RIBOFLAVIN (VITAMIN B2) NIACIN VITAMIN B6 (PYRIDOXINE) FOLATE/FOLIC ACID VITAMIN B12 (COBALAMIN) PANTOTHENIC ACID BIOTIN OTHER VITAMINS CHAPTER 11: Water and Minerals Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands WATER ELECTROLYTES SODIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM IRON ZINC IODINE PART II: CONSIDERATIONS OF CLINICAL NUTRITION CHAPTER 12: Nutritional Requirements Affecting Oral Health in Females HEALTH PREGNANCY LACTATION ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS MENOPAUSE CHAPTER 13: Nutritional Requirements During Growth and Development and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health INFANTS DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS AND GUIDELINES FOR GROWTH (CHILDREN MORE THAN 2 YEARS) TODDLER AND PRESCHOOL CHILDREN CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN (7 TO 12 YEARS OLD) ADOLESCENTS CHAPTER 14: Nutritional Requirements for Older Adults and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health GENERAL HEALTH STATUS PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING NUTRITIONAL NEEDS AND STATUS SOCIOECONOMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS EATING PATTERNS CHAPTER 15: Other Considerations Affecting Nutrient Intake FOOD PATTERNS WORKING WITH PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT FOOD PATTERNS FOOD BUDGETS MAINTAINING OPTIMAL NUTRITION DURING FOOD PREPARATION FOOD FADS AND MISINFORMATION CHAPTER 16: Effects of Systemic Disease on Nutritional Status and Oral Health EFFECTS OF CHRONIC DISEASE ON INTAKE THE ANEMIAS OTHER HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS GASTROINTESTINAL PROBLEMS CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS SKELETAL SYSTEM METABOLIC PROBLEMS NEUROMUSCULAR PROBLEMS NEOPLASIA ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASE MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS PART III: NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF ORAL HEALTH CHAPTER 17: Nutritional Aspects of Dental Caries: Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment PREVALENCE MAJOR FACTORS IN THE DENTAL CARIES PROCESS DENTAL HYGIENE PLAN CHAPTER 18: Nutritional Aspects of Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF FOOD ON PERIODONTAL HEALTH NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PERIODONTAL PATIENTS GINGIVITIS CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS NECROTIZING PERIODONTAL DISEASE CHAPTER 19: Nutritional Aspects of Alterations in the Oral Cavity ORTHODONTICS XEROSTOMIA ROOT CARIES AND DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY DENTITION STATUS ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LOSS OF ALVEOLAR BONE GLOSSITIS TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDER CHAPTER 20: Nutritional Assessment and Counseling for the Dental Hygiene Patient EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS IDENTIFICATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS FORMATION OF NUTRITION TREATMENT PLAN FACILITATIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS APPENDIX A: Glossary APPENDIX B: Growth Charts APPENDIX C: Sources for Reliable Nutrition Information APPENDIX D: Recommended Journals and Newsletters APPENDIX E: Comparison of Popular Diets APPENDIX F: Answers to Nutritional Quotient Questions.