Contents: Introduction. Article 224 of the Treaty of Rome and the Court of Justice: A case survey: Introduction; Case Survy; Case 7/61 Commission v. Italian Republic; Case 13/68 SpA Salgoil v Italian Ministry for Foreign Trade; Case 15/69 Württembergische Milchverwetung-Südmilch-AG v Salvatore Ugliola; Opinion 1/78/EEC Re the Draft International Agreement on Natural Rubber; Case 72/83 Campus Oil Limited and Others v Minister for Industry and Energy and Others; Case 222/84 Marguerite Johnston v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary; Case 305/87 Commission v Hellenic Republic; Case C-367/89 Criminal Proceedings against Aime Richardt and Les Accessoires Scientifiques SNC; Case C-83/94 Criminal Proceedings against Peter Leifer, Reinhold Otto Krauskopf and Otto Holzer; The interpretation of Article 224 by the ECJ; Concluding Remarks. Case Study: Commission v Hellenic Republic, cases C-120/94R and C-120/94: Introduction; Background to the Case: The Greece-FYROM Dispute; Case C-120/94R Commission v Hellenic Republic; Case C-120/94 Commission v Hellenic Republic; The Opinion of Advocate General Jacobs in case C-120/94; Evaluation of Advocate General Jacobs' Opinion; Concluding Remarks. The Legal Interpretation of Articles 224 and 225: Introduction; Unilateral measures or common action?; The circumstances under which Article 224 could apply; The nature of unilateral measures taken under Article 224; Interpretation of Article 225; Concluding Remarks. Articles 224 and 225 of the Treaty: The Political Context: Introduction; Article 224 as a product of the pro- and anti-integration dialectic; Distinguishing from the principle of force majeure; The Political Context of Article 224; The Security and Defence dimension; Article 224, Security issues and the ECJ; The Commission and Article 224; The Quasi-Paradox of Article 224; Towards a political interpretation of Article 224; Concluding Remarks. Application of Articles 224 and 225 in the FYROM cases: The Legal Context; The consultation procedure; The circumstances under which Article 224 was invoked; The suitability of the embargo; The Political Context; The Commission and case C-120/94; Changes in the Commission-ECJ relationship; The Court of Justice and case C-120/94; The Opinion of the Advocate General; Concluding Remarks. Conclusions: The fusion of law and politics at the EU level; Legal Minimalism; The Future of Article 224; Some thoughts about Europe.