Introduction Purpose of the Book Contents of the Book Potential Users of the Book Author''s Philosophy Background Introduction Early Developments USNRC-Sponsored HRA-Related Studies EPRI-Funded HRA Projects Other Organizational Involvement in HRA Plant Safety and Risk Introduction Licensing Requirements PSA Logic Structure--Event Trees and Fault Trees Human Error Categories Organization of HRA Studies HRA Principles and Concepts Introduction Background Human Reliability Considerations Crew Models Accident Progression and HRA Pathways Database Requirements and Expert Judgment PRA/HRA Organization Requirements for HRA Experts Review of Current HRA Models and Methods Introduction Background HRA Models: Characterization Descriptions: Models within Three Groups HRA Tools and Methods Introduction Human Reliability Aspects: Dependencies Errors of Commission and Omission Expert Judgment Methods Computer-Based Tools for Estimation of HEPs Fires and Low-Power and Shut-Down PRAs HRA Methods: A Critique Introduction Background HRA Models: Characterization Pros and Cons of Each HRA Model Conclusions and Recommendations Analysis of Accidents: Various Industries Introduction Three Mile Island Unit 2 Accident Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident NASA Challenger Accident, January 28, 1986 NASA Columbia Accident, February 14, 2004 Tenerife, Canary Islands Runway Accident, March 1977 Airbus 300 Accident at JFK Airport, November 12, 2002 BP Oil Refinery, Texas City, March 2005 Piper Alpha Oil Rig Accident: North Sea, July 6, 1988 Union Carbide Savin (Pesticide) Plant, Bhopal, India, April 1988 Flaujac: Express/Local Train Crash, August 1985 Underground Fire at King''s Cross, May 1990 Analysis of Accidents Using HRA Techniques Introduction Investigation of Chapter 8 Accident Situations Analysis from HRA Point of View Three Mile Island, Nuclear Accident Chernobyl Nuclear Accident NASA Challenger Accident NASA Columbia Accident Tenerife Air Transport Accident JFK Airport Accident Bhopal Chemical Plant Accident Texas City Oil Refinery Accident Piper Alpha Oil Rig Accident Flaujac Accident, French Railway King''s Cross Underground Railway Accident Comments An Application of an HRA Method (HDT) to a Real Problem Introduction Description of the International Space Station ISS PRA: Background HDT Method Applied to ISS Steps in Performing an HDT Analysis Comments Data Sources, Data Banks, and Expert Judgment Introduction Associated Databases Standalone Databases Simulator Databases Expert Judgment Methods Conclusions Use of Simulator Data for HRA Purposes Introduction Design of Simulators Simulator History Brief History of Simulator Data Collection Studies Purposes of Data Collection Data Collection Systems and Processes Insights: From Time and Observational Data Use of Simulator Data for HRA Purposes Design of Scenarios Discussion and Conclusions Impact of Systematic Data Collection on Training Introduction Data Collection and Analysis Process Analysis Process Experience with Data Collection Conclusions and Recommendations Discussion and Conclusions Introduction HEP Range Impact of the Selection of HRA Models Organizational Influence Lessons from the Accident Reviews Selection of Experts Databases Relevance to Other Industries Release of Data and Model Developments References Appendix Index tions: Models within Three Groups HRA Tools and Methods Introduction Human Reliability Aspects: Dependencies Errors of Commission and Omission Expert Judgment Methods Computer-Based Tools for Estimation of HEPs Fires and Low-Power and Shut-Down PRAs HRA Methods: A Critique Introduction Background HRA Models: Characterization Pros and Cons of Each HRA Model Conclusions and Recommendations Analysis of Accidents: Various Industries Introduction Three Mile Island Unit 2 Accident Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident NASA Challenger Accident, January 28, 1986 NASA Columbia Accident, February 14, 2004 Tenerife, Canary Islands Runway Accident, March 1977 Airbus 300 Accident at JFK Airport, November 12, 2002 BP Oil Refinery, Texas City, March 2005 Piper Alpha Oil Rig Accident: North Sea, July 6, 1988 Union Carbide Savin (Pesticide) Plant, Bhopal, India, April 1988 Flaujac: Express/Local Train Crash, August 1985 Underground Fire at King''s Cross, May 1990 Analysis of Accidents Using HRA Techniques Introduction Investigation of Chapter 8 Accident Situations Analysis from HRA Point of View Three Mile Island, Nuclear Accident Chernobyl Nuclear Accident NASA Challenger Accident NASA Columbia Accident Tenerife Air Transport Accident JFK Airport Accident Bhopal Chemical Plant Accident Texas City Oil Refinery Accident Piper Alpha Oil Rig Accident Flaujac Accident, French Railway King''s Cross Underground Railway Accident Comments An Application of an HRA Method (HDT) to a Real Problem Introduction Description of the International Space Station ISS PRA: Background HDT Method Applied to ISS Steps in Performing an HDT Analysis Comments Data Sources, Data Banks, and Expert Judgment Introduction Associated Databases Standalone Databases Simulator Databases Expert Judgment Methods Conclusions Use of Simulator Data for HRA Purposes Introduction Design of Simulators Simulator History Brief History of Simulator Data Collection Studies Purposes of Data Collection Data Collection Systems and Processes Insights: From Time and Observational Data Use of Simulator Data for HRA Purposes Design of Scenarios Discussion and Conclusions Impact of Systematic Data Collection on Training Introduction Data Collection and Analysis Process Analysis Process Experience with Data Collection Conclusions and Recommendations Discussion and Conclusions Introduction HEP Range Impact of the Selection of HRA Models Organizational Influence Lessons from the Accident Reviews Selection of Experts Databases Relevance to Other Industries Release of Data and Model Developments References Appendix Index > NASA Columbia Accident, February 14, 2004 Tenerife, Canary Islands Runway Accident, March 1977 Airbus 300 Accident at JFK Airport, November 12, 2002 BP Oil Refinery, Texas City, March 2005 Piper Alpha Oil Rig Accident: North Sea, July 6, 1988 Union Carbide Savin (Pesticide) Plant, Bhopal, India, April 1988 Flaujac: Express/Local Train Crash, August 1985 Underground Fire at King''s Cross, May 1990 Analysis of Accidents Using HRA Techniques Introduction Investigation of Chapter 8 Accident Situations Analysis from HRA Point of View Three Mile Island, Nuclear Accident Chernobyl Nuclear Accident NASA Challenger Accident NASA Columbia Accident Tenerife Air Transport Accident JFK Airport Accident Bhopal Chemical Plant Accident Texas City Oil Refinery Accident Piper Alpha Oil Rig Accident Flaujac Accident, French Railway King''s Cross Underground Railway Accident Comments An Application of an HRA Method (HDT) to a Real Problem Introduction Description of the International Space Station ISS PRA: Background HDT Method Applied to ISS Steps in Performing an HDT Analysis Comments Data Sources, Data Banks, and Expert Judgment Introduction Associated Databases Standalone Databases Simulator Databases Expert Judgment Methods Conclusions Use of Simulator Data for HRA Purposes Introduction Design of Simulators Simulator History Brief History of Simulator Data Collection Studies Purposes of Data Collection Data Collection Systems and Processes Insights: From Time and Observational Data Use of Simulator Data for HRA Purposes Design of Scenarios Discussion and Conclusions Impact of Systematic Data Collection on Training Introduction Data Collection and Analysis Process Analysis Process Experience with Data Collection Conclusions and Recommendations Discussion and Conclusions Introduction HEP Range Impact of the Selection of HRA Models Organizational Influence Lessons from the Accident Reviews Selection of Experts Databases Relevance to Other Industries Release of Data and Model Developments References Appendix Index sport Accident JFK Airport Accident Bhopal Chemical Plant Accident Texas City Oil Refinery Accident Piper Alpha Oil Rig Accide.