List of tables and figures About the author One Understanding social security Why pay benefits? What circumstances are the benefits paid for? Different types of benefit Two Misunderstanding social security Spending The growth of dependency Disincentives to work Families where generations have never worked Benefits for migrants Fraud and abuse Three The real problems The size of the operation The human factor Presumptuous administration Conditionality Complexity Correcting Mistakes Selectivity Means testing Four How much is enough? Cash and the private market Income packages How much should benefits be? Changing benefit incomes Providing a basic income Five Reforming key benefits Benefits for older people Benefits for disability Family benefits Out of work Benefits for housing Six Changing the benefits system Universal Basic Income Some other ideas for reform How to change the system of benefits: a manifesto for change Index.