Karan Sotoodeh recently earned his doctor of philosophy in Safety and Reliability in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway. Previously, Karan was a senior/lead engineer in valves and actuators at Baker Hughes--one of the world's largest oil field service companies. He was responsible for engineering and delivering valves and actuators in subsea manifolds, working with valve suppliers, participating in R&D activities, and maintaining the company's valve database. He has also worked for Aker Solutions, NLI Engineering, and Nargan Engineers as a senior/specialist in piping and valves, assisting with many projects around the world. He is the author of Prevention of Valve Fugitive Emissions in the Oil and Gas Industry and Subsea Valves and Actuators for the Oil and Gas Industry," both published by Elsevier. Karan earned a master of research in mechanical engineering and a master's degree in oil and gas engineering, both from Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, and a bachelor's degree in industrial engineering from Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.