This book elaborates on the "Khazan" ecosystems of Goa, India. "Khazans" are human-managed ecosystems, which are reclaimed from coastal wetlands, salt marshes and mangrove areas, where tidal influence is regulated through a highly structured system of dykes, canals, furrows, and sluice gates using resources that are amply available locally. "Khazan" ecosystems are marvels of tribal engineering. They are a simple architectural design, which operate at a very low running cost using tidal, hydro, and solar energy. The design contributes to a highly complex but eco-friendly ecosystem integrating agriculture, aquaculture and salt panning. "Khazan" ecosystems have been functional for the last 3500 years. The history of "Khazans" is very ancient and can be traced to the transition from food gathering to food growing, which has been regarded as the biggest step in the history of human civilization. "Khazan" ecosystems thus have a high historical and world heritage value.

They are also repositories of global biodiversity, with unique flora suitable to their unique and highly variable environment. They are endemic and heritage ecosystems of Goa and ultimately reservoirs of history and heritage.Using the example of the "Khazan" lands, the book analyzes and comments on traditional ecological knowledge and indigenous technology. It presents the evolution of "Khazan" management institutions over a period of more than three thousand years, as well as factors that have contributed to its decline in recent years. It develops a conceptual framework for ecosystem performance and suggests strategies for conservation of "Khazans" as well as strategies to build on these indigenous adaptation mechanisms to cope with the global environmental change.