Introduction: PART 1: UNDERSTANDING PROTECTION: PROTECTION FROM WHAT? Variety of contexts; Deliberate personal violence; Deprivation; Limited movement and restricted access; The question of intent; Protection and responsibility: Defining protection; Safety; Dignity; Integrity; Protection as empowerment; Protection as rights-based; Law and protection; Protection responsibility and protection mandates; State responsibility; Mandated and specialized agencies; Non-mandated agencies; The challenge of protection; A framework for protection: The egg framework; Spheres of action; Types of protection activity; Complementarity in protection work; Recognizing protection dilemmas; Eight strategic risks in protection work; The safety of humanitarian personnel; The safety of victims; PART 2: PROGRAMMING FOR PROTECTION: HUMANITARIAN PROGRAMMING WITH PROTECTION OBJECTIVES: A risk-based model of protection; Reducing threats: engaging responsibility; Reducing vulnerability: involving communities; Reducing danger time: limiting exposure; Recognizing primary and secondary risks; Program design; Four programming steps; Step one: situation analysis and protection assessment: Introduction; Awareness of all victim groups; Information gathering; Violations, threats and perpetrators; Monitoring human rights and international humanitarian law; Impact of violations on affected populations; Community protection strategies; Legal standards and responsibility analysis; Mapping political commitment and resources; Step two: setting protection outcomes and objectives: Setting priorities; Specifying protection outcomes; Setting your objectives; Changing behavior; Changing the behavior of perpetrators; Changing the actions of responsible authorities; Reducing the vulnerability of affected communities; Checking your objectives; Step three: choosing protection activities: Plan your activities with endangered communities; Modes of action; Humanitarian advocacy; Advocacy objectives; Advocacy as persuasion; Advocacy as mobilization; Advocacy as denunciation; Humanitarian assistance; Assistance as an entry point to protection; Protective assistance; Assistance-related risks; Presence and accompaniment; Information as protection; Using the complementarity matrix; Example program design using humanitarian objectives; Step four: monitoring protection outcomes: People-centered monitoring; Involving responsible authorities; Staff-centered monitoring; An outsider's perspective; Outcome indicators; Capturing good and bad outcomes; Principles of best practice for protection-focused humanitarian work; Bibliography and annexes.