Introduction (Y. Shoenfeld and D.A. Isenberg). Natural Autoantibodies: Self-Recognition and Physiological Autoimmunity (S. Avrameas). What are Natural Autoantibodies? (M. Abu-Shakra and Y.

Shoenfeld). Measurement of Natural Autoantibodies (J.T. Kalsi and D.A. Isenberg). Aging, Natural Autoantibodies and Autoimmunity (Y. Tomer, A.

Globerson, and Y. Shoenfeld). Serum Human Immunoglobulins (Monoclonal Gammopathies) as Natural Autoantibodies (E. Grunbaum, D. Buskila, and Y. Shoenfeld). Natural Autoantibodies and Animal Studies (C. Ravirajan and D.

A. Isenberg). The Biology of CD5+B Cells (D. Buskila, L. Mackenzie, Y. Shoenfeld, P. Youinou, and P. Lydyard).

CD5-Positive B Cells and Diseases (P. Youinou, D. Buskila, L. Mackenzie, Y. Shoenfeld, and P. Lydyard). Genetic and Hormonal Factors in Natural Autoantibody Production (D. Buskila and Y.

Shoenfeld). The Idiotype Network, Autoimmunity and Natural Autoantibodies (H. Amital, P. Lymbery, Y. Tomer, and Y. Shoenfeld). The Origin of Natural Autoantibodies (C. Longhurst, R.

Watts, and D.A. Isenberg). From the Pre-Immune Repertoire to Pathogenic Autoantibodies (M. Zouali). Naturally-Occurring Antibodies and Tumor Development and Progression (I.P. Witz).

Antiphospholipids as Natural Autoantibodies (D. Alarcón-Segovia). Natural Autoantibodies and the Allergic Response (A. Reshef and Y. Shoenfeld). Do Physiologic Autoantibodies Play a Role in the Sequestration of Aged Erythrocytes? (H. Gershon). Natural Autoreactive T Cells and the Immunological Homunculus (I.

Cohen). The "Immunculus" of the Natural History of the Individual's Molecular Composition (A. Nobrega, M. Haury, A. Grandien, A. Sundblad, and A. Coutinho). From the Practical Viewpoint: Immunomodulation with Natural Auto-Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies: The Role of Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG) (D.

Buskila and Y. Shoenfeld). Natural Autoantibodies: Concluding Remarks (G. Dighiero).