Commercial exchanges depend on peace, but ideological exchanges tend to generate friction. The conflict between them intensifies the ambivalence with which Britain and Russia have always viewed each other. This book illustrates the two sorts of exchange in the century before the Russian Revolutions of 1917. To make room for both sorts, and to highlight the fact that they conflict with each other, the book focuses on Anglo-Russian exchanges which stemmed from or impinged on north-east England.