BASIC ELECTRONICS The Atom Isotopes and Ions Static Electricity Electrical Charge Electrical Circuits Circuit Elements Semiconductors NUMBER SYSTEMS Counting The Origins of the Decimal System Types of Numbers Radix Representations Number System Conversions DATA TYPES AND DATA STORAGE Electronic-Digital Machines Character Representations Storage and Encoding of Integers Encoding of Fractional Numbers Binary-Coded Decimals (BCD) DIGITAL LOGIC, ARITHMETIC, AND CONVERSIONS Microcontroller Logic and Arithmetic Logical Instructions Microcontroller Arithmetic Bit Manipulations and Auxiliary Operations Unsigned Binary Arithmetic Signed Binary Arithmetic Data Format Conversions CIRCUITS AND LOGIC GATES Digital Circuits The Diode Revisited The Transistor Logic Gates Transistor-Transistor Logic Other TTL Logic Families CMOS Logic Gates CIRCUIT COMPONENTS Power Supplies Clocked Logic and Flip-Flops Clocks Frequency Dividers and Counters Multiplexers and Demultiplexers Input Devices THE MICROCHIP PIC The PICMicro Microcontroller PIC Architecture MID-RANGE PIC ARCHITECTURE Processor Architecture and Design The Mid-Range Core Features Mid-Range CPU and Instruction Set EEPROM Data Storage Data Memory Organization Mid-Range I/O and Peripheral Modules PIC PROGRAMMING: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Microchip's MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Simulators and Debuggers Programmers Engineering PIC Software Pseudo Instructions PROGRAMMING ESSENTIALS: INPUT AND OUTPUT 16F84A Programming Template Introducing the 16F84A Simple Circuits and Programs Programming the Seven-Segment LED A Demonstration Board INTERRUPTS Interrupts on the 16F84 Interrupt Sources Interrupt Handlers Interrupt Programming Sample Programs TIMERS AND COUNTERS The 16F84 Timer0 Module Delays using Timer0 Timer0 as a Counter Timer0 Programming The Watchdog Timer Sample Programs LCD INTERFACING AND PROGRAMMING LCD Features and Architecture Interfacing with the HD44780 HD44780 Instruction Set LCD Programming Sample Programs COMMUNICATIONS PIC Communications Overview Serial Data Transmission Parallel Data Transmission PIC "Free-Style" Serial Programming PIC Protocol-Based Serial Programming Sample Programs DATA EEPROM PROGRAMMING PIC Internal EEPROM Memory EEPROM Devices and Interfaces Sample Programs ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND REALTIME CLOCKS A/D Converters A/D Integrated Circuits PIC On-Board A/D Hardware Realtime Clocks Sample Programs APPENDIX A: RESISTOR COLOR CODES APPENDIX B: BUILDING YOUR OWN CIRCUIT BOARDS APPENDIX C: MID-RANGE INSTRUCTION SET APPENDIX D: SUPPLEMENTARY PROGRAMS INDEX.