Introduction xxiii Part I : Capacity Planning Chapter 1 Measuring and Troubleshooting Resource Usage 3 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 3 Foundation Topics 6 Monitoring Your System 6 CPU Monitoring 7 Basic CPU Load Information 7 Detailed CPU Load Information 7 Memory Monitoring 10 Basic Memory Usage Information 10 Detailed Memory Usage Information 11 Disk I/O Monitoring 12 Listing Open Files 14 Network I/O Monitoring 17 Additional Monitoring Tools 18 Listing Processes 18 Displaying User Activity 21 Exam Preparation Tasks 22 Review All Key Topics 22 Define Key Terms 23 Review Questions 23 Part II: Managing the Kernel Chapter 2 Predict Future Resource Needs 27 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 27 Foundation Topics 29 The collectd Daemon 29 Configuring collectd 29 Installing collectd 31 Monitoring Solutions 33 Nagios 33 MRTG 33 Cacti 33 sar 34 Further Considerations 34 OK, Now What? 34 Exam Preparation Tasks 36 Review All Key Topics 36 Define Key Terms 36 Review Questions 36 Chapter 3 Kernel Components and Compiling 41 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 41 Foundation Topics 43 Kernel Components 43 Kernel Documentation 43 Tweaking the Kernel 44 Kernel Images 45 Compiling the Kernel 46 Cleaning the Kernel 47 Create the Configuration File 48 Compiling the Kernel 55 Additional Make Targets 57 Exam Preparation Tasks 58 Review All Key Topics 58 Define Key Terms 58 Review Questions 58 Chapter 4 Kernel Runtime Management and Troubleshooting 63 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 63 Foundation Topics 65 Kernel Modules 65 Module Files 65 Listing Modules That Are Loaded 67 Loading Modules into Memory 68 Unloading Modules from Memory 71 Listing Modules Information 71 The /proc/sys Filesystem 73 Module Aliases 76 Displaying Hardware Information 77 The lspci Command 77 The lsdev Command 81 The lsusb Command 82 The udev System 85 Exam Preparation Tasks 87 Review All Key Topics 87 Define Key Terms 87 Review Questions 88 Part III: Managing System Startup Chapter 5 Customizing SysV-init System Startup 91 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 91 Foundation Topics 93 The SysV-init Process 93 Understanding Runlevels 93 The /etc/inittab File 94 Boot Scripts 98 The /etc/init.d directory 101 Modifying Runlevels 101 The update-rc.d Command 102 The chkconfig Command 103 Switching Runlevels 104 Exam Preparation Tasks 105 Review All Key Topics 105 Define Key Terms 105 Review Questions 105 Chapter 6 Administrating System Recovery 109 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 109 Foundation Topics 111 Understanding the Boot Process 111 The BIOS/UEFI Phase 111 The Boot loader Phase 111 The Kernel Phase 112 The Post-Kernel Phase 113 GRUB 113 Legacy GRUB Configuration 114 Changing Legacy GRUB During Boot 117 Booting to Single User Mode in Legacy GRUB 120 Securing Legacy GRUB 122 GRUB 2 Configuration 125 Saving GRUB 2 Changes 127 GRUB 2 Titles 127 Booting to Single User Mode in GRUB 2 128 Securing GRUB 2 128 Fixing Filesystems 130 Exam Preparation Tasks 131 Review All Key Topics 131 Define Key Terms 131 Review Questions 132 Chapter 7 Alternate Boot Loaders 135 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 135 Foundation Topics 137 LILO 137 Configuring LILO 137 Booting LILO 140 Booting to Single User Mode 141 Additional Boot loaders 143 Understanding SYSLINUX 143 Understanding EXTLINUX 144 Understanding ISOLINUX 144 Understanding PXELINUX 145 Exam Preparation Tasks 147 Review All Key Topics 147 Define Key Terms 147 Review Questions 148 Part IV: Managing Filesystem and Devices Chapter 8 Operating the Linux Filesystem 151 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 151 Foundation Topics 153 Filesystem Essentials 153 Filesystem Types 154 The umount Command 155 The mount Command 155 Mounting Filesystems Manually 158 Problems Unmounting Filesystems 159 Mounting Filesystems Automatically 160 Device Descriptors 162 Mount Options 163 Swap Space 166 Exam Preparation Tasks 167 Review All Key Topics 167 Define Key Terms 168 Review Questions 168 Chapter 9 Maintaining a Linux Filesystem 171 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 171 Foundation Topics 173 Filesystems Essentials 173 The ext2 Filesystem 173 The ext3 Filesystem 173 The ext4 Filesystem 174 The xfs Filesystem 175 The Btrfs Filesystem 175 Creating Filesystems 175 ext-Based Filesystem Tools 179 fsck.* 179 dumpe2fs 179 tune2fs 182 debugfs 182 xfs-Based Filesystem Tools 184 xfsdump and xfsrestore 184 xfs_info 187 xfs_check and xfs_repair 188 Creating Swap Devices 189 Monitoring SMART Devices 190 Exam Preparation Tasks 191 Review All Key Topics 191 Define Key Terms 192 Review Questions 192 Chapter 10 Creating and Configuring Filesystem Options 195 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 195 Foundation Topics 197 Removable Media Filesystems 197 HFS-Hierarchical File System 197 ISO9660 197 UDF 198 Creating Removable Media Filesystems 198 Encrypted Filesystems 201 Managing autofs 204 Exam Preparation Tasks 207 Review All Key Topics 207 Key Terms 208 Review Questions 208 Part V: Administrating Advanced Storage Device Chapter 11 Configuring RAID 211 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 211 Foundation Topics 213 RAID Fundamentals 213 RAID Levels 213 RAID Device-Entire Drive or Partition? 219 Create a RAID Device 221 Managing RAID Devices 224 Exam Preparation Tasks 226 Review All Key Topics 226 Define Key Terms 227 Review Questions 227 Chapter 12 Adjusting Storage Device Access 231 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 231 Foundation Topics 233 DMA, hdparm, and sdparm 233 The hdparm Command 234 The sdparm Command 236 System Resources 237 Kernel Parameters 239 iSCSI 241 Target Configuration 242 Initiator Configuration 244 Exam Preparation Tasks 248 Review All Key Topics 248 Define Key Terms 248 Review Questions 249 Chapter 13 Logical Volume Manager 253 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 253 Foundation Topics 255 Logical Volume Manager Concepts 255 Advantages of LVM on a System with a Single Drive 257 LVM Essentials 258 Extents 259 Logical Volumes 262 Device Naming 263 Using Logical Volumes and Additional LVM Commands 264 Displaying LVM Information 265 Additional LVM Commands 268 Resizing Logical Volumes 271 LVM Snapshots 274 Exam Preparation Tasks 277 Review All Key Topics 277 Define Key Terms 278 Review Questions 278 Part VI: Confi guring the Network Chapter 14 Basic Network Configuration 281 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 281 Foundation Topics 283 Ethernet Network Interfaces 283 The arp Command 286 The route Command 287 The ip Command 288 Access to Wireless Networks 290 The iwconfig Command 290 The iwlist Command 291 Exam Preparation Tasks 294 Review All Key Topics 294 Define Key Terms 294 Review Questions 295 Chapter 15 Advanced Network Configuration and Troubleshooting 299 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 299 Foundation Topics 301 The ping and nmap Commands 301 The nmap Command 302 The netstat, nc, and lsof Commands 307 The lsof Command 310 The nc Command 312 The tcpdump Command 313 Exam Preparation Tasks 315 Review All Key Topics 315 Define Key Terms 315 Review Questions 315 Chapter 16 Troubleshooting Network Issues 319 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 319 Foundation Topics 321 Network Configuration Files 321 The /etc/resolv.conf File 321 The /etc/hosts File 323 The Local Hostname 325 The /etc/network/interfaces File 326 The /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts Files 327 Network Troubleshooting 328 Log Files and Tools 328 The traceroute Command 330 The /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny Files 333 Additional Network Troubleshooting Commands 336 NetworkManager 337 Exam Preparation Tasks 339 Review All Key Topics 339 Define Key Terms 340 Review Questions 340 Part VII: Performing System Maintenance Chapter 17 Make and Install Programs from Source 343 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 343 Foundation Topics 345 Securing and Unpacking Source Code 345.