1 Basic Radio Considerations1.1 Introduction1.1.1 SDR, Defined1.2 Radio System Frontiers1.2.1 5G Fundamentals1.2.
2 Looking Ahead1.3 Radio Communications Systems1.3.1 Radio Transmission and Noise1.4 Modulation1.4.1 Analog Modulation1.4.
2 Modulation for Digital Signals1.5 Digital Signal Processing1.5.1 Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion1.5.2 Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Conversion1.5.3 Converter Performance Criteria1.
5.4 Processing Signal Sequences1.5.5 Digital Filters1.5.6 Nonlinear Processes1.5.7 Decimation and Interpolation1.
5.8 DSP Hardware and Development Tools1.6 Radio Receiver Architectures1.6.1 Super-Regenerative Receivers1.7 Typical Radio Receivers1.7.1 Analog Receiver Design1.
7.2 Mixed-Mode MFSK Communication System1.7.3 PLL CAD Simulation1.7.4 Software-Defined Radio Systems1.7.5 Design Example: EB 500 Monitoring Receiver1.
8 References1.9 Bibliography1.10 Suggested Additional Reading2 Radio Receiver Characteristics2.1 Introduction2.2 The Radio Channel2.2.1 Channel Impulse Response2.2.
2 Doppler Effect2.2.3 Transfer Function2.2.4 Time Response of Channel Impulse Response and Transfer Function2.3 Radio System Implementation2.3.1 Input Characteristics2.
3.2 Gain, Sensitivity, and Noise Figure2.4 Selectivity2.5 Dynamic Range2.5.1 Desensitization2.5.2 AM Cross Modulation2.
5.3 IM2.6 Reciprocal Mixing2.6.1 Phase Errors2.6.2 Error Vector Magnitude2.7 Spurious Outputs2.
8 Gain Control2.9 BFO2.10 Output Characteristics2.10.1 Baseband Response and Noise2.10.2 Harmonic Distortion2.10.
3 IM Distortion2.10.4 Transient Response2.11 Frequency Accuracy and Stability2.12 Frequency Settling Time2.13 Electromagnetic Interference2.14 Digital Receiver Characteristics2.14.
1 BER Testing2.14.2 Transmission and Reception Quality2.15 References2.16 Bibliography2.17 Suggested Additional Reading3 Receiver System Planning3.1 The Receiver Level Plan3.2 Calculation of NF3.
2.1 Noise Factor for Cascaded Circuits3.3 Noise Correlation in Linear Two Ports Using Correlation Matrices3.3.1 Noise Figure Test Equipment3.3.2 How to Determine the Noise Parameters3.4 Linearity3.
4.1 Dynamic Range, Compression, and IMO3.4.2 Analysis3.5 Calculation of IP3.5.1 Example of NF and IP Calculation3.6 Spurious Response Locations3.
6.1 D-H Traces3.7 Selectivity3.7.1 Single-Tuned Circuit3.7.2 Coupled Resonant Pairs3.8 Complex Filter Characteristics3.
8.1 Butterworth Selectivity3.8.2 Chebyshev Selectivity3.8.3 Thompson or Bessel Selectivity3.8.4 Equiripple Linear Phase3.
8.5 Transitional Filters3.8.6 Elliptic Filters3.8.7 Special Designs and Phase Equalization3.9 Filter Design Implementation3.9.
1 LC Filters3.9.2 Electrical Resonators3.9.3 Electromechanical Filters3.9.4 Quartz Crystal Resonators3.9.
5 Monolithic Crystal Filters3.9.6 Ceramic Filters3.10 Time-Sampled Filters3.10.1 Discrete Fourier and z Transforms3.10.2 Discrete-Time-Sampled Filters3.
10.3 Analog-Sampled Filter Implementations3.11 Digital Processing Filters3.12 Frequency Tracking3.13 IF and Image Frequency Rejection3.14 Electronically Tuned Filter3.14.1 Diode Performance3.
14.2 A VHF Example3.15 References3.16 Suggested Additional Reading4 Receiver Implementation Considerations4.1 Introduction4.2 Digital Implementation of Receiver Functions4.2.1 Digital Receiver Design Techniques4.
2.2 Noise Calculations4.2.3 Noise Cancellation4.2.4 Spectral Subtraction4.3 Spread Spectrum4.3.
1 Basic Principles4.3.2 Frequency Hopping4.3.3 Direct Sequence4.3.4 Performance4.4 Simulation of System Performance4.
4.1 Spectrum Occupancy4.4.2 Network Response4.4.3 Medium Prediction4.4.4 System Simulation4.
4.5 HF Medium Simulation4.4.6 Simple Simulations4.4.7 Applications of Simulation4.5 References4.6 Bibliography4.
7 Suggested Additional Reading5 Software-Defined Radio Principles and Technologies5.1 Introduction5.1.1 General Concept of a Software-Defined Radio5.1.2 Components (Analog Elements, DSP, and FPGA)5.1.3 About the DSP5.
2 RF Front-End Architectures5.2.1 Heterodyne Receiver5.2.2 Direct-Conversion Receiver5.2.3 Digital IF Receiver Design5.2.
4 Direct-Sampling Receiver5.2.5 Broadband Receiver Design5.2.6 Multicarrier Receiver Design5.3 RF Front-End Design Considerations5.3.1 Receiver Link Budget5.
3.2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion5.3.3 Dynamic Range5.3.4 Image Rejection5.3.5 RF Preselection5.
4 Digital Front-End Implementation5.4.1 Digital Down Conversion5.4.2 Numerically Controlled Oscillator5.4.3 Decimation and Channel Filtering5.4.
4 Automatic Gain Control5.4.5 IQ Mismatch Cancellation5.5 Baseband Processing5.5.1 Demodulation (AM/PM)5.5.2 Synchronization--Frequency Offset and Sampling Frequency Offset Correction5.
5.3 Automatic Gain Control for Audio Processing5.5.4 Noise Blanker5.5.5 The S-Meter5.6 SDR Realization Example5.7 References5.
8 Bibliography5.9 Literature5.10 Suggested Additional Reading6 Transceiver SDR Considerations6.1 Introduction6.2 Architecture6.2.1 I/Q Modulator6.2.
2 Adaptive Transmitter Predistortion6.2.3 Power Enhancement Technique6.3 Transceiver Device Implementation Examples6.3.1 AD9364 RF Transceiver6.3.2 Transceiver System Implementations6.
4 References6.5 Suggested Additional Reading7 Antennas and Antenna Systems7.1 Introduction7.1.1 Basic Principles7.2 Antenna Coupling Network7.3 Coupling Antennas to Tuned Circuits7.4 Small Antennas7.
4.1 Whip Antennas7.4.2 Loop Antennas7.5 Multielement Antennas7.5.1 Log-Periodic Antenna7.5.
2 Yagi-Uda Antenna7.5.3 Reflector Antenna7.5.4 Array Antenna7.5.5 Phased Array Antenna Systems7.6 Active Antennas7.
6.1 Application Considerations7.7 Diversity Reception7.8 Adaptive Receiver Processing7.8.1 Adaptive Antenna Processing7.8.2 Adaptive Equalization7.
8.3 Time-Gated Equalizer7.8.4 Link-Quality Analysis7.8.5 Automatic Link Establishment7.9 References7.10 Bibliography7.
11 Suggested Additional Reading8 Mixers8.1 Introduction8.1.1 Key Terms8.2 Passive Mixers8.3 Active Mixers8.4 Switching Mixers8.5 IC-Based Mixers8.
5.1 Gilbert Cell Mixer8.5.2 Gilbert Cell Performance Analysis8.6 Wide Dynamic Range Converters8.6.1 Process Gain8.7 Mixer Design Considerations8.
7.1 Mixer Device Implementation Example8.8 References8.9 Suggested Additional Reading8.10 Product Resources9 Frequency Sources and Control9.1 Introduction9.1.1 Key Terms9.
2 Phase-Locked Loop Synthesizers9.2.1 The Type 2, Second-Order Loop9.2.2 Transient Behavior of Digital Loops Using Tri-State Phase Detectors9.2.3 Practical PLL Circuits9.2.
4 Fractional-Division Synthesizers9.2.5 Spur-Suppression Techniques9.2.6 Noise in Synthesizers9.2.7 Practical Discrete Component Examples9.3 Noise and Performance Analysis of PLL Systems9.
3.1 Design Process9.4 Multiloop Synthesizers9.5 Direct Digital Synthesis9.6 Monolithic PLL Systems9.7 Digital Waveform Synthesizers9.7.1 Systems Considerations9.
7.2 Modulation with the Phase Accumulator Synthesizer9.7.3 RAM-Based Synthesis9.7.4 Applications9.7.5 Summary of Methods9.
7.6 Signal Quality9.8 The Colpitts Oscillator9.8.1 Linear Approach9.8.2 Linear S-Parameters Approach9.8.
3 Time-Domain-Based Analysis of Transistor Nonlinearities9.8.4 Selecting the Right Transistor9.8.5 Design Example for a 350-MHz Fixed Frequency Colpitts Oscillator9.8.6 Summary9.9 Frequency Source Device Implementation Examples9.
9.1 AD9102 Waveform Generator9.9.2 ADF4355 Wideband Synthesizer9.10 References9.11 Suggested Additional Reading9.12 Product Resources10 Ancillary Receiver Circuits10.1 Introduction10.
2 Amplifiers and Gain Control10.2.1 Amplifying Devices and Circuits10.2.2 Wide-Band Amplifiers10.2.3 Amplifiers with Feedback10.2.
4 Gain Control of Amplifiers10.3 Demodulation and Demodulators10.3.1 Analog Demodulation10.3.2 Digital Data Demodulation10.4 Noise Limiting and Blanking10.4.
1 Balancers10.4.2 Noise Limiters10.4.3 Impulse Noise Blankers10.5 Squelch Circuits10.6 AFC10.7 Modern Component Implementation Examples10.
7.1 RF/IF Gain Block10.7.2 DSP Example Device10.7.3 Demodulator Functional Block10.8 References10.9 Suggested Additional Reading11 Performance Measurement11.
1 Introduction11.2 Signal Generators11.2.1 Analog Signal Generators11.2.2 Vector Signal Generators11.3 Receiver Measurements11.3.
1 Single-Tone Measurements11.3.2 Two-Tone Measurements11.3.3 Noise Figure11.3.4 Total Dynamic Range11.3.
5 Measurement of Mixer Performance11.4 Spectrum Analysis11.4.1 FFT Analyzer11.4.2 Heterodyne Analyzer11.4.3 Filters11.
4.4 Hybrid Implementation11.4.5 Comparison of Instrument Architectures11.4.6 Intermodulation Distortion Measurement11.5 Noise Power Ratio11.5.
1 Derivation of NPR11.5.2 Notch (Bandstop) Filter Design Considerations11.5.3 Determination of Optimum Noise Loading11.5.4 Measurement Observations11.6 Testing SDR Systems11.
6.1 Measurement Considerations11.7 SDR versus Legacy Radio11.8 References11.9 BibliographyA Example Receiver ImplementationIndex.