Part 1: From Ancient Times to the Late Colonial Era 1 Chapter 1: The Art of Indigenous Americans before 1500 c.e. 3 The Art of the Eastern Woodlands 5 Framing the Discourse: New World Origins 5 Framing the Discourse: Names and Native Americans 7 The Art of Archaic and Woodland Cultures 6 Poverty Point 7 Hopewell Culture 8 Mississippian Culture 9 Myths and Legends: Nineteenth-Century Myths of the Moundbuilders 9 Moundville 10 Spiro 11 Cahokia 13 Arctic Alaska 15 Old Bering Sea Culture 15 Ipiutak Stage 16 Ancient Art of the Southwest 17 From Basketmakers to Potters and Architects 17 Anasazi or Ancestral Pueblo 17 Chaco Canyon 18 Mimbres Painted Pottery 19 Art and Culture Change in the Proto-historic Period: Hopi, Zuni, and Acoma 20 Conclusion 21 Chapter 2: The Old World and the New: First Phases of Encounter, 1492 date? 23 European Images of the New World: The First Century 23 The Earliest Images 24 Columbus Landing in the Indies 24 Paradise and Hell 24 The Noble Savage 24 A Beckoning Princess 25 Fast Forward: The Long History of the Feathered Headdress 25 The Empirical Eye of Commerce 26 John White 26 De Brys Great Voyages 28 New World Maps 29 Ceremonies of Possession 30 The Spanish Requirimiento 30 The French and the Timucua 31 The English: Taking Possession of the Land 32 Indigenous Eastern North America: Forging a Middle Ground 32 New Materials and New Markets 33 Powhatans Mantle 33 Horse Effigy Comb 34 War Club 35 Pipe Tomahawk 35 A Pair of Ceremonial Pouches 36 A Painted Hide 37 Wampum: A Contract in Shells 38 Fast Forward: The Repatriation of Wampum 39 Fond of Finery: Portraiture and Self-Display 39 Hendrick and John: Eighteenth-century Gentlemen at the Boundaries of Cultures 40 Northern New Spain: Crossroads of Cultures 43 A Bi-Ethnic Society 44 The Matachines Dance 44 Pueblo and Mission in New Mexico 45 Fast Forward: Santa Fe Fiesta Reenacting the Conquest 46 Acoma 47 Adobe: Converging Traditions 48 The Mission and Convent of San Esteban at Acoma Pueblo 49 The Church of San Agustin at Isleta Pueblo 50 The Mission Church and Convent of San Jose at Laguna Pueblo 51 Pecos Pueblo and Mission: An Intercultural Zone 51 The Segesser Hides: A Pictorial Record of Spanish and Pueblo Bravery on the Great Plains in 1720 53 Conclusion 55 Chapter 3: Early Colonial Arts, 16321734 57 Designing Cities, Partitioning Land, Imaging Utopia 58 Hispanic Patterns of Land Settlement in North America 58 El Cerro de Chimayo 59 British Patterns of Land Settlement in North America 60 An engraved map of Savannah 60 New Haven 60 Organic, Grid, Radial 61 Boston 62 Myths and Legends: The Puritan Ideal 62 New York City 64 Philadelphia 64 The Ordinance of 1785 65 The District of Columbia 66 Seventeenth-Century Painting: Puritans in Kid Gloves 67 Portraits 67 The Freake Portraits 67 The Mason Children 70 Captain Thomas Smiths Self-Portrait 71 Hispanic Village Arts 73 The Santero Tradition 73 Saint Joseph by Rafael Aragon 73 Retablo Painting and the Santero Tradition 73 Retablo at San Jose, Laguna Pueblo 73 Santero Painting 74 Fast Forward: The Virgin of Guadalupe: Transnational Icon 75 Native Elements in Santero Painting 76 Architecture and Memory 76 The Spanish in the Southeast: Saint Augustine 76 Castillo San Marcos, in Saint Augustine 77 Building in New England and Virginia 77 Hingham Meeting House, Hingham, Massachusetts 78 Saint Lukes.