About the Website xi List of Figures xii Preface xiii 1 Globalization I 1 Liquids, Flows, and Structures Some of the Basics 2 From Solids to Liquids (to Gases) 3 Flows 6 Heavy, Light, Weightless 9 Heavy Structures That Expedite Flows 11 Heavy Structures as Barriers to Flows 16 The Winners and Losers of Global Flows 18 On the Increasing Ubiquity of Global Flows and Structures 20 Thinking About Global Flows and Structures 21 Chapter Summary 23 2 Globalization II 31 Some Basic Issues, Debates, and Controversies Is There Such a Thing as Globalization? 32 Is it Globalization, Transnationalization, or Regionalization? 35 If There is Such a Thing as Globalization, When Did it Begin? 36 Globalization or Globalizations? 43 What Drives Globalization? 47 Does Globalization Hop Rather than Flow? 48 If There Is Such a Thing as Globalization, Is It Inexorable? 49 Who Controls Globalization? 51 Does Globaphilia or Globaphobia Have the Upper Hand? 53 What, if Anything, Can Be Done About Globalization? 57 Chapter Summary 59 3 Globalization and Related Processes 67 Imperialism, Colonialism, Development, Westernization, Easternization, and Americanization Imperialism 68 Colonialism 72 Development 75 Westernization 77 Easternization 80 Americanization 81 Comparisons with Globalization 92 The Era of the "Posts" 93 Chapter Summary 95 4 Neoliberalism 105 Roots, Principles, Criticisms, and Neo-Marxian Alternatives The Historical Context of Neoliberalism 106 Neoliberalism: The Basic Principles 111 Critiquing Neoliberalism 118 Neoliberalism: The Case of Israel 124 The Death of Neoliberalism? 125 Neo-Marxian Theoretical Alternatives to Neoliberalism 126 Chapter Summary 130 5 Global Political Structures and Processes 139 On Political Processes and Flows 140 The Nation-State 141 "Imagined Community" 147 Changes in Global Nation-State Relations 149 Global Political Developments and Structures 160 Regional Political Organizations 163 Global Governance 164 Civil Society 167 Chapter Summary 173 6 Structuring the Global Economy 181 Before Bretton Woods 182 Bretton Woods and the Bretton Woods System 184 The End of Bretton Woods 194 Regional Economic Integration and Free Trade 199 Other Economic Organizations 207 The Role of Emerging Economies 208 The Multinational Corporation (MNC) 209 The Myth of Economic Globalization? 212 Chapter Summary 213 7 Global Economic Flows 219 Production and Consumption Global Trade Flows 220 Global Value Chains 222 Increasing Competition for Commodities 231 The Economic Impact of the Flow of Oil 232 Race to the Bottom and Upgrading 235 Outsourcing 237 Financial Globalization 239 Corporations, People, and Ideas 243 Consumption 246 Chapter Summary 253 8 Global Culture and Cultural Flows 261 Cultural Differentialism 263 Cultural Hybridization 272 Cultural Convergence 276 Sport: A Case Study for Global Culture 287 Chapter Summary 293 9 High-Tech Global Flows and Structures 301 Technology, Mass Media, the Internet, and Social Media Technology, Time-Space Compression, and Distanciation 302 Mass Media 311 The Internet and Social Media 318 Chapter Summary 332 10 Global Flows of People 341 Migration, Human Trafficking, and Tourism Migrants 342 Migration Flows 345 Human Trafficking 369 Tourism 372 Chapter Summary 374 11 Global Environmental Flows 383 Modernization and Environmental Flows 385 Differences among Nation-States 387 Global Climate Change 388 Other Environmental Problems 399 Global Responses 404 Framing Global Responses 413 From Lightness to Heaviness in Environmental Flows 416 Collapse 416 Chapter Summary 417 12 Negative Global Flows and Processes 427 Diseases, Dangerous Imports, Crime, Terrorism, War Borderless Diseases 429 Dangerous Imports 435 Crime 438 Terrorism 443 War 453 The Impact of Negative Global Flows on Individuals 462 Chapter Summary 463 13 Global Economic Power and Inequality 471 Class Inequalities and Global Cities Class Inequality 472 Global Cities and the Rural-Urban Context 487 Chapter Summary 502 14 Global Power and Inequalities II 509 Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality Power and Inequality 510 Race and Ethnicity 519 Gender and Sexuality 532 Chapter Summary 543 15 Dealing with, Resisting, and the Futures of, Globalization 553 Dealing with Globalization 554 Resisting Globalization 568 Social Movements and Alter-Globalizations 574 The Futures of Globalization 585 Chapter Summary 588 Appendix 595 Anthropology 596 Sociology 596 Political Science 597 Economics 598 Geography 600 Psychology 601 Literary Criticism (Postcolonial) 602 Other Fields 603 Glossary 607 Index 619.