Before the Industrial Revolution, many British industries encountered severe competition from industries in Bengal; indeed Britain's industrial leadership in the international context was largely conditional upon gaining competitive edge over Bengal. In this context this book studies the changing scenarios of competition for major industries in Bengal in comparison to those in Great Britain. Focusing primarily on cotton textiles, silk textiles, salt manufacturing, ship-building, and indigo-dye manufacturing, Ray examines how long the technological revolution in Great Britain took to gain supremacy over Bengal industries. The author considers whether an industry-wise analysis confirms the hypothesis of de-industrialization in Bengal during the early nineteenth century as well as the backwash effects of British industrial revolution on a colonial economy like Bengal.