1. The Work-Oriented Shaping Perspective: The Problem Setting and Perspectives.- 1.1 Do We Need a New Paradigm.- 1.2 The Technique-Oriented Approach.- 1.2.
1 Background and Assumptions.- 1.2.2 Example.- 1.2.3 "Weaknesses" in the Practical Implementation.- 1.
3 The Sociotechnical Approach.- 1.3.1 Background and Assumptions.- 1.3.2 Examples.- 1.
3.3 "Weaknesses" in the Practical Implementation.- 1.4 The Human-Centred Approach.- 1.4.1 Background and Assumptions.- 1.
4.2 Examples.- 1.4.3 Possible Limitations and Challenges of the Human-Centred Approach.- 1.5 Towards a Work-Oriented Shaping Approach.- 1.
6 Summary.- 2 The Interdisciplinary Design of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems: ESPRIT Project 1217 (1199) Part One.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Experiences of Interdisciplinary Collaboration During the First Year of the Project.- 2.2.
1 TheUK CAM Group.- 2.2.2 The Danish CAD Group.- 2.2.3. The German CAP Group.
- 2.3 Evaluation of the First-Year Experiences in the Three National Groups.- 2.3.1 National Differences.- 2.3.2 Critical Evaluation of Interdisciplinary Collaboration During the First Year of the Project.
- 2.4 The "Shaping Paper" -- Intentions, Reactions and Influence.- 2.4.1 Intentions: The International Social Science Group (ISSG).- 2.4.2 The Social Shaping of Technology and Work.
- A Introduction.- B The Concept of Technological Shaping.- B.1 Introduction.- B.2 The Role of Technological Rationality.- B.3 Technological Rationality and the Mechanistic World Picture.
- B.4 Work and Personality from a Holistic Perspective.- B.4.1 The Search for a New Paradigm.- B.4.2 The Concept of "Life-World" and "System".
- B.4.3 The Concept of "Praxis".- B.4.4 The Relation Between Mind and Body.- B.4.
5 The Relationship between Working Conditions and the Personality.- B.5 Fields of Technology Shaping.- C Dimensions of Human-Centred Work.- C.1 Introduction.- C.2 The Relationship of Work and Technology.
- C.3 Work and Communication.- C.4 Work and Learning.- C.4.1 The Relationship Between Cultivation (Bildung) and Qualification.- D Methods for Evaluating and Shaping Computer-Aided Technology and Work.
- D.1 Introduction.- D.2 A Scenario.- D.2.1 Range of Products.- D.
2.2 The Factory.- D.2.3 The Production Island.- D.2.4 The Workplace.
- 3 The Scenario Related to the Dimensions and Criteria of Experiencing, Shaping and Evaluating Work.- D.3.1 The Normative Perspective of the Shaping Process.- D.3.2 Dimensions of Work.- D.
3.3 Example of How to Use the Dimensions of Work in the Shaping and Evaluation Process.- D.3.4 Criteria for Human-Machine Interface Design.- D.3.5 Summary.
- D.4 How to Shape and Evaluate Computer-Aided Technology and Work.- D.4.1 Typical Shortcomings of Conventional Methods of System Development.- D.4.2 The Search after Methods in Accordance with the New Paradigm.
- E References.- 2.4.3 Reactions of the Engineers to the Shaping Paper.- 2.4.4 The Influence of the Shaping Paper on the Project.- Interdisciplinary Collaboration in the Second Half of ESPRIT Project 1217 (1199).
- 3.1 Experiences of Interdisciplinary Collaboration at the National Level.- 3.1.1 The British CAM Group.- 3.1.2 The Danish CAD Group.
- 3.1.3 The German CAP Group.- 3.2 Experiences of Collaboration at the International Level.- 3.2.1 The International Data Management Group.
- 3.3 Lessons Learned.- 3.3.1 Constraints on Interdisciplinary Collaboration.- 3.3.2 Experiences of Improved Collaboration During the Project.
- 4 Crossing the Border.- 4.1 Crossing the Border -- A Tentative Definition.- 4.1.1 Fields of Action.- 4.1.
2 Agents Involved in the Shaping Process.- 4.1.3 Shaping Competence.- 4.2 Participatory Systems Development.- 4.2.
1 Hierarchic-Sequential Design Tradition.- 4.2.2 The Limitations of Traditional Design.- 4.2.3 Technology Shaping.- 4.
3 The Shaping Process.- 4.4 Prospective Example of the Shaping Process as a Rolling Development.- 4.4.1 Preparation of the Shaping Process.- 4.4.
2 Future-Creating Workshops.- 4.4.3 Shaping Workshops.- 4.4.4 Coordination of the Results of the Shaping Workshops.- 4.
4.5 The Second Shaping Workshop.- 4.4.6 Seminar with Outside Experts.- 4.4.7 Conclusion.
- 4.5 Summary and Conclusions.- References.