List of Figures Preface Chapter 1: Punishment, reformation and prevention: changing attitudes to juvenile crime in mid-nineteenth century Britain Chapter 2: ¿The lamentable extent of youthful depravity¿: the Tron Riot of 1812 Chapter 3: Stirrings for change: developments in Edinburgh, 1812-1846 Chapter 4: ¿An intermediate step¿: the Glasgow House of Refuge, 1838-1854 Chapter 5: Prevention is better than cure: the Aberdeen industrial schools, 1841-1854 Chapter 6: Ragged school rivalry: the Original versus the United Industrial School in Edinburgh, 1847-1854 Chapter 7: ¿A better model¿: the influence of the Scottish approach in England Chapter 8: The formation of a national system (i): reformatory and industrial schools legislation, 1854-1872 Chapter 9: The formation of a national system (ii): the effects of legislation on individual schools Chapter 10: Schooling for all: industrial schools and the 1872 Education Act Chapter 11: Change and continuity: nineteenth century approaches in context Bibliography Index.