1. SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Read them again. Those sixteen words, inspired by Thomas Jefferson and written by James Madison, represent both America''s greatest invention and her greatest strength. They establish the only thing really new in the United States Constitution: the separation of church and state. Despite all its monarchial faults, Great Britain had already introduced a limited executive, a bicameral legislature, and three distinct branches of government, each operating within a system of checks and balances. What was original to the Constitution--what constituted our unique American experiment--was a ban on any official state religion: keeping the state out of the church''s business and, just as important, keeping the church out of the state''s business. It is our gift to the civilized world.
Sixteen words. Now read them one more time--and weep. We have never strayed so far from the noble ideals of Founding Fathers James Madison and Thomas Jefferson as we have today. *The current president of the United States told friends that God wanted him to run for president, God wanted him in the White House, and God wanted him to invade Iraq. *Bush opened an office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives in the White House and handed out hundreds of millions of dollars in grants--known in Washington as "pork for preachers." Almost all of it has gone directly to conservative Christian churches. *Bush signed an executive order allowing churches that receive federal funds for so-called faith-based programs to practice religious discrimination: hiring as staff members only those who belong to the same church. *Bush proposed a school voucher program, which would give parents federal tax dollars to use to pay tuition to private, religious schools.
*The Bush administration approved a federally funded health plan for Catholics only; it excludes insurance coverage for contraceptives, abortion, sterilization, or artificial insemination. *Bush instituted a "religious test" for judges, promising to appoint only "commonsense judges who understand that our rights were derived from God." *Under Bush, employees in the White House, the Justice Department, and other federal agencies are under pressure to begin their workday by attending "voluntary" Bible study and prayer sessions. *In March 2005, Senator Rick Santorum (R-Pa.) organized a course on Catholic doctrine for Republican Catholic members of Congress. Classes were taught by a priest in Santorum''s capitol office. *In a direct slap at Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, House Republicans introduced the Houses of Worship Political Speech Protection Act, which would allow churches to endorse political candidates, broadcast issue ads, and engage in political fund-raising--without losing their tax-exempt status. (So far, it has not been voted out of committee.
) *In Alabama, Roy Moore, the chief justice of the state Supreme Court, planted a 2.5 ton monument to the Ten Commandments in the rotunda of the courthouse--and refused to move it under court orders. Nowhere, of course, was the religious right''s ownership of the Republican Party more on display than in the case of Terri Schiavo. While the vast majority of Americans opposed any government intervention, hard-core fundamentalists demanded that Congress act in order to keep the brain-dead woman artificially alive (for another fifteen years?). Republicans, led by George W. Bush, Bill Frist, and Tom DeLay, dutifully obeyed and, in so doing, undermined everything the Republican Party previously stood for. Without one single legislative hearing, they enacted emergency, special-interest legislation that applied to only one person, expanded the reach and power of the federal government, and attempted to override repeated rulings by state courts. It was Big Brother, hand-in-hand with Big Religion.
Holy smoke! This is not what Thomas Jefferson and James Madison had in mind. In fact, it''s just the opposite. The actions of this administration undermine and contradict everything the Founding Fathers stood for. By putting government on the side of Christianity, and Christianity uniquely and squarely on the side of President Bush, conservative political and religious leaders are, in effect, telling Jefferson and Madison: "You''re history. And you''re wrong. We know better than you what''s good for America." RELIGION AND POLITICS Before going any further, an important clarification: I am not, as some will no doubt charge, advocating a "naked public square"--where all religious expression is muzzled. Religion, in fact, has influenced public decision making from the very foundation of this nation--usually, for the better.
The strong faith of our Founding Fathers had a profound impact on the new system of governance they built. Their moral character helped make the American Revolution far different from the French Revolution or the Russian Revolution. And I admit that Democratic presidents, too, have often blurred the line between religion and politics. Franklin Roosevelt shocked and angered many Protestant leaders by giving Myron C. Taylor ambassadorial status as his personal representative to the Vatican and by naming New York''s Cardinal Francis J. Spellman military vicar of the U.S. Armed Forces.
Indeed, it was President Clinton, not President Bush, who first proposed handing out federal funds to faith-based institutions. The welfare bill he signed in 1996 contained a "charitable choice" provision enabling religious congregations to receive public funds for programs like job training, counseling, and day care. And, wouldn''t you know it, the first governor to take advantage of the new Clinton money was Texas''s own George W. Bush. As part of their presidential campaign in 2000, Al Gore and Joe Lieberman promised to expand Clinton''s own "faith-based initiative." And no modern candidate used more God-talk in his speeches than Lieberman. So religion has always been part of American politics, on both sides of the aisle. But never before has there been such pressure to merge the two--or, in effect, make politics a subset of religion, and religion a subset of politics.
In fact, tearing down the First Amendment''s historic wall of separation between church and state is the express aim of religious conservatives today, and they make no bones about it. After an October 2004 meeting with President Bush, Philadelphia''s Cardinal Justin Rigali issued a statement deploring "separation of church and state" as "a misinterpretation of the Constitution." He''s joined by virtually all leading evangelical ministers. Dr. James Dobson derides "the wall that never was." Televangelist D. James Kennedy urges razing the "diabolical wall of separation that has led to increasing secularization, godlessness, immorality and corruption in our country." For his part, Pat Robertson sees separation as something far more sinister, foisted on us by atheistic Communists of the Evil Empire.
In 1982, he told the Senate Judiciary Committee: We often hear of the constitutionally mandated "separation of church and state." Of course, as you know, that phrase appears nowhere in the Constitution or the Bill of Rights. We do find this phrase in the constitution of another nation, however . that of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics--an atheistic nation sworn to the destruction of the United States of America. As Robert Boston of Americans United for Separation of Church and State points out in his book Why the Religious Right Is Wrong , the modern Soviet constitution was written in 1947. Jefferson first used the phrase "wall of separation of church and state" in 1802. So, the idea that we got it from them is patently absurd. Robertson''s confusion notwithstanding, in the end it''s left to the Reverend Jerry Falwell, as he does on most issues, to lead evangelicals in the wrong direction.
By upholding separation of church and state, he says, Supreme Court justices "have raped the Constitution and raped the Christian faith and raped the churches." Of the most outstanding contribution of our Founding Fathers, Falwell writes: "The idea of separation of Church and State was invented by the devil to keep Christians from running their own country." Close your eyes and you''d swear it was not Falwell or Robertson speaking, but Elmer Gantry. In the film based on Sinclair Lewis''s classic 1927 novel, Burt Lancaster, playing the hellfire preacher, says the ultimate goal of fundamentalists is ". a crusade for complete morality and the domination of the Christian church through all the land." He thunders: "Dear Lord, thy work is but begun! We shall yet make these United States a moral nation!" Not surprisingly, the unenlightened views of religious conservatives are echoed by unenlightened political conservatives. Republican senator James Inhofe of Oklahoma condemns separation as "the phoniest argument there is." And in July 2001, Representative Tom DeLay, then the House majority whip, told a luncheon audience of congressional staffers that it was important to support President Bush''s "faith-based initiative" as a way of "standing up and rebuking this notion of separation of church and state that has been imposed upon us over the last forty or fifty years.
" Perhaps it was also DeLay''s personal intervention that persuaded Texas Republicans to vow in th.