Introduction xv Chapter 1 Understanding Virtualization 1 Describing Virtualization 1 Microsoft Windows Drives Server Growth 3 Explaining Moore''s Law 7 Understanding the Importance of Virtualization 10 Examining Today''s Trends 12 Virtualization and Cloud Computing 15 Hyperconverged Infrastructure 16 Understanding Virtualization Software Operation 17 Virtualizing Servers 17 Virtualizing Desktops 18 Virtualizing Applications 19 Chapter 2 Understanding Hypervisors 23 Describing a Hypervisor 23 Exploring the History of Hypervisors 24 Understanding Type 1 Hypervisors 25 Understanding Type 2 Hypervisors 27 Understanding the Role of a Hypervisor 28 Holodecks and Traffic Cops 28 Resource Allocation 30 Comparing Today''s Hypervisors 31 VMware ESX 31 Citrix Hypervisor (Xen) 33 Microsoft Hyper- V 35 Other Solutions 36 Chapter 3 Understanding Virtual Machines 39 Describing a Virtual Machine 39 Examining CPUs in a Virtual Machine 42 Examining Memory in a Virtual Machine 43 Examining Network Resources in a Virtual Machine 44 Examining Storage in a Virtual Machine 45 Understanding How a Virtual Machine Works 47 Working with Virtual Machines 49 Understanding Virtual Machine Clones 50 Understanding Templates 51 Understanding Snapshots 52 Understanding OVF 53 Understanding Containers 54 Chapter 4 Creating a Virtual Machine 57 Performing P2V Conversions 57 Investigating the Physical- to- Virtual Process 58 Hot and Cold Cloning 59 Loading Your Environment 60 Loading VMware Workstation Player 61 Exploring VMware Workstation Player 66 Loading VirtualBox 70 Building a New Virtual Machine 75 Thinking About VM Configuration 76 Creating a First VM 77 Chapter 5 Installing Windows on a Virtual Machine 83 Loading Windows into a Virtual Machine 83 Installing Windows 11 84 Installing VMware Tools 97 Understanding Configuration Options 102 Optimizing a New Virtual Machine 107 Chapter 6 Installing Linux on a Virtual Machine 111 Loading Linux into a Virtual Machine 111 Exploring Oracle VM VirtualBox 112 Installing Linux into a Virtual Machine 115 Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions 126 Understanding Configuration Options 129 Optimizing a New Linux Virtual Machine 135 Chapter 7 Managing CPUs for a Virtual Machine 139 Understanding CPU Virtualization 139 Configuring VM CPU Options 143 Tuning Practices for VM CPUs 145 Choosing Multiple vCPUs vs a Single vCPU 145 Hyperthreading 146 Working with Intel and AMD Servers 147 Chapter 8 Managing Memory for a Virtual Machine 151 Understanding Memory Virtualization 151 Configuring VM Memory Options 154 Tuning Practices for VM Memory 156 Calculating Memory Overhead 157 Memory Optimizations 158 Chapter 9 Managing Storage for a Virtual Machine 165 Understanding Storage Virtualization 165 Configuring VM Storage Options 171 Tuning VM Storage 179 Chapter 10 Managing Networking for a Virtual Machine 187 Understanding Network Virtualization 187 Configuring VM Network Options 198 Tuning Practices for Virtual Networks 203 Chapter 11 Copying a Virtual Machine 207 Cloning a Virtual Machine 207 Working with Templates 217 Saving a Virtual Machine State 221 Creating a Snapshot 224 Merging Snapshots 228 Chapter 12 Managing Additional Devices in Virtual Machines 231 Using Virtual Machine Tools 231 Understanding Virtual Devices 234 Configuring a CD/DVD Drive 234 Configuring a Floppy Disk Drive 235 Configuring a Sound Card 239 Configuring USB Devices 240 Configuring Graphic Displays 242 Configuring Other Devices 243 Chapter 13 Understanding Availability 249 Increasing Availability 249 Protecting a Virtual Machine 252 Protecting Multiple Virtual Machines 256 Protecting Data Centers 261 Chapter 14 Understanding Applications in a Virtual Machine 265 Examining Virtual Infrastructure Performance Capabilities 265 Deploying Applications in a Virtual Environment 270 Understanding Virtual Appliances and vApps 279 Open Stack and Containers 281 Cloud and the Future of Virtualization 282 Appendix: Answers to Additional Exercises 285 Glossary 295 Index 301.