Why does a society seek out images of violence? What can the consumption of violent imagery teach us about the history of violence and the ways it has been represented and understood? This book addresses these questions within the context of the so-called "galleries of violence," the series of torment imagery that flourished in the German-speaking regions during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Exploring the visual aggression of these images and the visceral bodily imagination that they engendered in their viewers, Assaf Pinkus argues that the new visual discourse on violence was a watershed in premodern conceptualizations of selfhood. Images of martyrdom in late medieval Germany reveal a strikingly brutal parade of passion: severed heads, split skulls, mutilated organs, extracted fingernails and teeth, and myriad other torments. Stripped from their devotional context and presented simply as brutal acts, these portrayals assailed the body and mind of the viewers so violently that they amounted to what Pinkus describes as "visual aggressions." Addressing contemporary discourses on violence and cruelty, the aesthetics of violence, and the eroticism of the tortured body, Pinkus ties these galleries of violence to larger cultural concerns about the ethics of violence and bodily integrity in the conceptualization of early modern personhood. Innovative and convincing, this study heralds a fundamental shift in the scholarly conversation about premodern violence, from a focus on the imitatio Christi and the liturgy of punishment to the notion of violence as a moral problem in an ethical system. Scholars of medieval and early modern art, history, and literature will welcome and engage with Pinkus's research for years to come.