The Political Spectrum' sets out to identify the timeless, universal principles of political philosophy that shape how we live as a society, from democracy in Ancient Greece and the aristocracies of the Enlightenment to the tribal lands of Pakistan and the modern state that is the United States of America.Unlike most political philosophies that rest on traditional foundations such as rights, private property, or human nature, The Political Spectrum focuses on the fundamental ideas dividing the left and the right today to identify a rational middle ground.Tracing the most insightful ideas from great thinkers in the Western tradition, The Political Spectrum identifies two fundamental institutions that all societies must manage in a rational way in order to survive.Along the way, the book explores the tension between liberty and the individual's duty to society and the proper roles of family and state. Basing the analysis on the four pillars of political philosophy--human nature, institutions, wealth, and justice--The Political Spectrum offers a vision for resolving the political divide in a way that promotes liberty and prosperity.