Preface xi PART I INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS NETWORKS 1 1 Overview of Wireless Networks 3 1.1 Introduction, 3 1.2 Network Architecture and Design Issues, 6 1.3 Key Trends in Wireless Networking, 20 1.4 Outline of the Book, 21 Questions, 22 2 Evolution of the Wireless Industry 23 2.1 Introduction, 23 2.2 Three Views of the Wireless Industry, 29 2.3 Three Generations of Cellular Networks, 32 2.

4 Trends in Wireless Technologies, 43 Questions, 49 PART II CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIO PROPAGATION 51 3 Characterization of Radio Propagation 53 3.1 Introduction, 53 3.2 Multipath Fading and the Distance-Power Relationship, 55 3.3 Local Movements and Doppler Shift, 64 3.4 Multipath for Wideband Signals, 66 3.5 Classical Uncorrelated Scattering Model, 72 3.6 Indoor and Urban Radio Propagation Modeling, 81 Questions, 86 Problems, 87 Projects, 89 4 Modeling and Simulation of Narrowband Signal Characteristics 93 4.1 Introduction, 93 4.

2 Modeling Path Loss and Slow Shadow Fading, 96 4.3 Doppler Spectrum of Fast Envelope Fading, 110 4.4 Statistical Behavior of Fast Envelope Fading, 122 4.5 Simulation of Fast Envelope Fading, 126 Questions, 133 Problems, 134 Projects, 137 5 Measurement of Wideband and UWB Channel Characteristics 149 5.1 Introduction, 149 5.2 Time-Domain Measurement Techniques, 151 5.3 Frequency-Domain Measurement Techniques, 171 5.4 Advances in Frequency-Domain Channel Measurement, 180 Questions, 197 Problems, 198 Project, 200 6 Modeling of Wideband Radio Channel Characteristics 205 6.

1 Introduction, 206 6.2 Wideband Time-Domain Statistical Modeling, 208 6.3 Wideband Frequency-Domain Channel Modeling, 234 6.4 Comparison Between Statistical Models, 243 6.5 Ray-Tracing Algorithms, 245 6.6 Direct Solution of Radio Propagation Equations, 261 6.7 Comparison of Deterministic and Statistical Modeling, 263 6.8 Site-Specific Statistical Model, 265 Appendix 6A: GSM-Recommended Multipath Propagation Models, 270 Appendix 6B: Wideband Multipath Propagation Models, 272 Questions, 274 Problems, 275 Projects, 277 PART III MODEM DESIGN 279 7 Narrowband Modem Technology 281 7.

1 Introduction, 282 7.2 Basic Modulation Techniques, 284 7.3 Theoretical Limits and Practical Impairments, 307 7.4 Traditional Modems for Wide-Area Wireless Networks, 312 7.5 Other Aspects of Modem Implementation, 328 Questions, 335 Problems, 336 Projects, 338 8 Fading, Diversity, and Coding 341 8.1 Introduction, 341 8.2 Radio Communication on Flat Rayleigh Fading Channels, 343 8.3 Diversity Combining, 347 8.

4 Error-Control Coding for Wireless Channels, 353 8.5 Space-Time Coding, 363 8.6 MIMO and STC, 365 Questions, 372 Problems, 372 Projects, 374 9 Broadband Modem Technologies 377 9.1 Introduction, 378 9.2 Effects of Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading, 380 9.3 Discrete Multipath Fading Channel Model, 384 9.4 Adaptive Discrete Matched Filter, 389 9.5 Adaptive Equalization, 393 9.

6 Sectored Antennas, 405 9.7 Multicarrier, OFDM, and Frequency Diversity, 411 9.8 Comparison of Traditional Broadband Modems, 421 9.9 MIMO in Frequency-Selective Fading, 423 Appendix 9A: Analysis of the Equalizers, 425 Questions, 428 Problems, 429 Projects, 431 10 Spread-Spectrum and CDMA Technology 435 10.1 Introduction, 435 10.2 Principles of Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum, 439 10.3 Principles of Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum, 444 10.4 Interference in Spread-Spectrum Systems, 464 10.

5 Performance of CDMA Systems, 476 Questions, 494 Problems, 495 PART IV SYSTEMS ASPECTS 499 11 Topology, Medium Access, and Performance 501 11.1 Introduction, 501 11.2 Topologies for Local Networks, 503 11.3 Cellular Topology for Wide-Area Networks, 506 11.4 Centrally Controlled Assigned Access Methods, 521 11.5 Distributed Contention-Based Access Control, 537 Questions, 572 Problems, 573 Project, 576 12 Ultrawideband Communications 581 12.1 Introduction, 581 12.2 UWB Channel Characteristics, 584 12.

3 Impulse Radio and Time-Hopping Access, 589 12.4 Direct-Sequence UWB, 595 12.5 Multiband OFDM, 599 Questions, 603 Problems, 604 13 RF Location Sensing 607 13.1 Introduction, 607 13.2 RF Location-Sensing Techniques, 611 13.3 Modeling The Behavior of RF Sensors, 619 13.4 Wireless Positioning Algorithms, 626 Questions, 636 Problems, 637 14 Wireless Optical Networks 639 14.1 Introduction, 639 14.

2 Implementation, 641 14.3 Eye Safety, 643 14.4 IR Channel Characterization and Data-Rate Limitations, 644 14.5 Modulation Techniques for Optical Communications, 653 14.6 Multiple Access and Data Rate, 659 Questions, 661 15 Systems and Standards 663 15.1 Introduction, 663 15.2 GSM, GPRS, and EDGE, 664 15.3 CDMA and HDR, 674 15.

4 Other Historical Systems, 679 15.5 Wireless LANs, 682 15.6 Speech Coding in Wireless Systems, 685 Questions, 687 References 689 Index 713 About the Authors 721.