Table of Contents Preface List of Figures and Tables 1 Introducing Hybrid Modernity Post-Mao transformations: framing hybrid modernity China's physical setting and settlement patterns Book scope and structure 2 Navigating Modern(s) and the Park in modern China Modernization: social construction and nation-building Modernity, Globalization and Identity Hybrid modernization: expanding modernization theory and alternative modernities Re-visiting Modernism (international) genre Modernism in Architecture and Landscape Architecture Modernity in China China's early modernity and westernization Forced (Colonial) Modernity The Public Park, Republican modernity (1912-1949) and nation-building Mao's Modernity: 1949 - 1976 Summarizing China's modern experience 3 Pre-Modern China: Nature, Cosmology, Mythology and the Chinese Picturesque Nature, Cosmology, Mythology and Folklore Brief History of China's designed landscapes Interpreting garden-making throughout pre-modern China Chinese Picturesque Garden Design Language 4 Looking "Inside" and "Outside" post-Mao China A Glance back at the Arts and Culture in the Mao era Inside Post-Mao China Post-Mao art trends Trends in post-Mao China's Built Environment Post-Mao Landscape Architecture: foundations of professional practice and education Landscape Architecture "Outside" post-Mao China 5 Revealing late 20th century Hybrid Modernity: four purpose-built parks Case Study One: Living Water Park, Huoshui Gongyuan, Chengdu, Sichuan Chengdu context Project inception Design Realization Hybrid Modern synthesis Case Study Two: Zhongshan Shipyard Park, Zhongshan Shiqi Jiang Gongyuan, Zhongshan, Guangdong Zhongshan context Project Inception Design realization Hybrid Modern synthesis Case Study Three: Jinji Lake Landscape Master Plan, Jinji Hu Jingguan Zongti Guihua Suzhou, Jiangsu Suzhou context Project Inception Project realization Hybrid Modern synthesis Case Study Four: West Lake Southern Scenic Area Master Plan, Xihu Huanhu Nanxian Jingqu Zongti, Hangzhou, Zhejiang West Lake, Hangzhou context Project Inception Project Realization SSA Experience Hybrid Modern synthesis Four public parks - the schema for post-Mao China's hybrid modernity 6 Transforming from 'Hybrid' to 'Ecological' Modernization in China's 21st century Four case study parks and trends in the host cities Top-Down China + Five-Year-Plan = Green Revolution and Ecological Modernization China's Sponge City program and contribution to international "green" urbanism Revolutionary Praxis, Trends and Beautiful China Index.