This book is the latest volume in the Recent Advances in Ophthalmology series providing ophthalmic trainees and ophthalmologists with the latest surgical and technological developments in the field. Divided into 14 chapters, the text begins with discussion on the effects on the eye of COVID 19. The next sections provide state of the art knowledge on the diagnosis of eye diseases using artificial intelligence, and robotic surgery. Each of the following sections covers recent trends and advances in the diagnosis and management of a different ocular disorder. The comprehensive text is further enhanced by clinical photographs, diagrams and tables to assist learning. Key points Latest volume in Recent Advances in Ophthalmology series Covers latest technological and surgical advances in the field Highly illustrated with clinical photographs, diagrams and tables Previous volume (9789352709014) published in 2019.