List of Tables, Figures, and Boxes Preface PART I. Background Chapter 1. Introduction: What Are Subsidies? - Definition - Equity Concerns - Why Subsidies Are Often Unpopular - The Scale of Subsidies - Environmental Externalities - Research Methodology - Key Caveat Chapter 2. When Do Subsidies Become Perverse? - Environmental and Economic Values - Environmental and Economic Costs - Environmental Externalities Revisited - The Question of Uncertainty - Global Warming - Summation and Conclusion PART II. Sectoral Analyses Chapter 3. Agriculture - The Subsidies Phenomenon - United States - All OECD Countries - Non-OECD Countries - The Environmental Resource Base -Subsidies Worldwide -Scope for Policy Interventions Chapter 4. Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy -United States -All OECD Countries -The Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe -Other Non-OECD Countries -Nuclear Energy -Environmental Externalities -Subsidies Worldwide -Policy Options Chapter 5. Road Transportation -United States -Total U.
S. Subsidies -Other OECD Countries -Total Subsidies in OECD Countries -Subsidies in Non-OECD Countries -Subsidies Worldwide -Policy Responses Chapter 6. Water -Water Demand and Supply -Water Waste and Subsidies -Adverse Consequences -Water as a Free Good -Inefficiency and Waste - Three Case Studies - Subsidies Worldwide - Scope for Policy Reform Chapter 7. Fisheries - Marine Fisheries in Decline - Reasons for Decline - Subsidies Worldwide - Policy Responses Chapter 8. Forestry - Example of Overlogging: Indonesia - Example of Cattle Ranching: Brazil - Other Examples of Subsidized Deforestation in the Humid Tropics - Total Subsidies in Tropical Forestry - Examples of Overlogging in Developed Countries - Subsidies Worldwide - Environmental Externalities Chapter 9. Overview Assessment - Perverse Subsidies: The Leaders in Absurdity - The Crux: Covert Costs of Perverse Subsidies - The Double Dividend PART III. Policy Chapter 10. What Shall We Do About It All? - Big-Picture Strategies - Supplementary Measures - Subsidies to Support the Environment - Perverse Subsidies and the Taxpayer: Some Better News Notes Index.