Introduction and Overview Appendix 1A: Green IT Bibliography Appendix 1B: Partial List of Resources Appendix 1C: Examples of How Networking Has Already Had a Major Greening Impact Appendix 1D: Taxonomy of General Greening Initiatives A Networking Primer Networking Functions Information Transfer and Regeneration Function Multiplexing Function Grooming Function Switching Function Routing Function Networking Equipment Grooming Equipment C oncepts and Analytical Measures for Green Operations Electric Energy and Applicable Metrics Air Conditioning IT Assets Discrete Metrics Aggregate Metrics Power Usage Efficiency (PUE) Energy Consumption Rating (ECR) Telecommunications Energy Efficiency Ratio (TEER) Telecommunications Equipment Energy Efficiency Rating(TEEER)External Power Adapters Set-Top Boxes Example: High-Definition, Cable Set-Top Box with DVR Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) Standardization Efforts Metrics on Carbon Footprints Other Metrics Appendix 3A: Common Information Systems Assets Appendix 3B: Conversion of Units Appendix 3C: Example Carbon Footprint Calculations Power Management Basics Current Types Power Measurements Single-Phase Loads: Smaller AC Operations/Nodes Balanced Three-Phase Loads4.2.3 Expressing Loads in Kilowatts (kW) Example Backup Power Systems Appendix 4A: Three-Phase Power HVAC and CRAC Basics General Overview of an Air-Conditioning System DX Unitary Systems: HVAC Systems Chilled-Water Applied Systems: HVAC Systems Psychrometry Chiller Issues General Overview of a Computer Room Air-Conditioning System Regulatory and Best Practices Background Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Energy Consumption Rating Initiative (ECR) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) European Commission Joint Research Center (JRC) European Telecommunications Network Operators¿ Association (ETNO) European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan and Other Initiatives Network Equipment Building System (NEBS) U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 6.14 Others (Short List) Approaches for Green Networks and Data Centers Environmentals Data Center Strategies Data Center Cooling Strategies Improved Power Distribution Overall Best Practices Case Study Examples Blade Technology Issues Other IT Greening Techniques Network Strategies Retire and Replace Obsolescent Equipment Wireless Networks Redundancy Access Networks Satellite Operators Short List of Other Possible Initiatives Enterprise Equipment Home Networking and Communications Equipment Approaches for Green Networks and Data Centers Virtualization, Web Services, Cloud/Network Computing, Hosting, and Packetization A Press-Time Snapshot of Cloud/Grid/Network Computing Cloud/Grid/Network Computing Technology Potential Applications and Financial Benefits of Cloud/Grid Computing Cloud/Grid Types, Topologies, and Components Comparison with Other Approaches Enterprise-Level Virtualization Service-Oriented Network (SON) Concepts Conclusion Glossary Each chapter includes References.