CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL THINKINGCHAPTER 2: GARBAGE IN, GARBAGE OUTMeasurement InvaliditySampling ProblemsFaulty Causal InferencesPolitical InfluencesHuman FallibilityCHAPTER 3: ISSUES IN DATA PREPARATIONWhy Is Data Preparation Important?Operationalization and MeasurementNominal Measurement of Qualitative VariablesMeasurement of Quantitative VariablesIssues in Levels of MeasurementCoding and Inputting Statistical DataAvailable Computer Software for Basic Data AnalysisCHAPTER 4: DISPLAYING DATA IN TABLES AND GRAPHIC FORMSThe Importance of Data Tables and GraphsTypes of Tabular and Visual PresentationsTables and Graphs for Qualitative VariablesTables and Graphs for Quantitative VariablesRatios and RatesMaps of Qualitative and Quantitative VariablesHazards and Distortions in Visual Displays and Collapsing CategoriesCHAPTER 5: MODES, MEDIANS, MEANS, AND MOREModes and Modal CategoriesThe Median and Other Measures of LocationThe Mean and Its MeaningWeighted MeansStrengths and Limitations of Mean RatingsChoice of Measure of Central Tendency and PositionCHAPTER 6: MEASURES OF VARIATION AND DISPERSIONThe Range of ScoresThe Variance and Standard DeviationVariances and Standard Deviations for Binary VariablesPopulation versus Sample Variances and Standard DeviationsCHAPTER 7: THE NORMAL CURVE AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONSThe Normal CurveZ-Scores as Standard ScoresReading a Normal Curve TableOther Sampling DistributionsBinomial Distributiont-DistributionChi-Square DistributionF-DistributionCHAPTER 8: PARAMETER ESTIMATION AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALSSampling Distributions and the Logic of Parameter EstimationInferences from Sampling Distributions to One Real SampleConfidence Intervals: Large Samples, ? KnownConfidence Intervals for Population MeansConfidence Intervals for PopulationProportionsConfidence Intervals: Small Samples and Unknown ?Properties of the t-DistributionConfidence Intervals for Population Means for Unknown ?Confidence Intervals for PopulationProportion for Unknown ?CHAPTER 9: INTRODUCTION TO HYPOTHESIS TESTINGConfidence Intervals Versus Hypothesis TestingBasic Terminology and SymbolsTypes of HypothesesZone of Rejection and Critical ValuesSignificance Levels and Errors in Decision-MakingCHAPTER 10: HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR MEANS AND PROPORTIONSTypes of Hypothesis TestingOne-Sample Tests of the Population MeanOne-Sample Tests of a Population ProportionTwo Sample Test of Differences in Population MeansTwo Sample Tests of Differences in Population ProportionsIssues in Testing Statistical HypothesesCHAPTER 11: STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION IN CONTINGENCY TABLESThe Importance of Statistical Association and Contingency TablesThe Structure of a Contingency TableDeveloping Tables of Total, Row, and Column PercentagesThe Rules for Interpreting a Contingency TableSpecifying Causal Relations in Contingency TablesAssessing the Magnitude of BivariateAssociations in Contingency TablesVisual and Intuitive ApproachThe Chi-Square Test of Statistical IndependenceIssues in Contingency Table AnalysisHow Many Categories for Categorical Variables?GIGO and the Value of Theory in Identifying VariablesSample Size and Significance TestsOther Measures of Association for Categorical VariablesCHAPTER 12: THE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)Overview of ANOVA and When it is UsedPartitioning Variation into Between and Within Group DifferencesCalculating the Total Variation in a Dependent VariableCalculating the Between-Group VariationCalculating the Within-Group VariationHypothesis Testing and Measures of Association in ANOVATesting the Hypothesis of Equality of Group MeansMeasures of Association in ANOVAIssues in the Analysis of VarianceCHAPTER 13: CORRELATION AND REGRESSIONThe Scatterplot of Two Interval/Ratio VariablesThe Correlation CoefficientRegression AnalysisThe Computation of the RegressionCoefficient and Y-InterceptGoodness of Fit of a Regression EquationHypothesis Testing and Tests of Statistical SignificanceUsing Regression Analysis for Predicting OutcomesIssues in Bivariate Regression and Correlation AnalysiCHAPTER 14: INTRODUCTION TO MULTIVARIATE ANALYSISWhy Do Multivariate Analysis?Exploring Multiple CausesStatistical ControlTypes of Multivariate AnalysisMultivariate Contingency Table AnalysisPartial Correlation CoefficientsMultiple Regression Analysis.