INTRODUCTION Welcome to the world of perennials! What's in a name? After all, William Shakespeare once wrote "That which we call a rose/By any other name would smell as sweet," which is, of course, true. But humans love to pigeonhole things with names--for good or for bad--and in the plant world, names seem deliberately designed to bewilder, misdirect, and confuse. So, for the purposes of this book, we need to specify at the outset which types of plants we are dealing with in this very broad category of "perennials." By definition, the word "perennial" is something that is "lasting a very long time or happening repeatedly or all the time." In botany, perennial generally means a plant that lives for three or more years. (Annuals are those plants that only live one year, completing their entire life cycle in one season. Biennials are those that do so within two seasons.) Perennials are usually categorized as woody or herbaceous.

Woody refers to primarily to trees and shrubs, whose hard stems contain lignin. Herbaceous perennials have more pliable stems that contain cellulose.If we want to get even more technical (and we do!), herbaceous plants can be further divided into graminoids, those that are grass-like, and forbs, broadleaf flowering plants. (Just for fun, the category of forbs includes not just perennial plants, but annuals and biennials, too.) There are weeds that are perennial, as well as forage crops, herbs, bulbs, and many more. In this book, we are only going to include desirable (for our gardens) species whose aerial structures (stems and leaves) die back to their crowns each fall, but whose roots remain alive, though dormant, throughout the non-growing months. Oh, and naturally, they need to survive and thrive in our northern, highly variable, temperate climate. We are primarily focusing on gorgeous perennial flowers (and we'll show you some photos containing some serious eye candy), but we'll also cover a generous selection of perennial vegetables that can be grown on the prairies.

We think that leaves us with lots to talk about, don't you? And that's exactly what we're going to do! In The Prairie Gardener's Go-To for Perennials, we'll cover how to select perennials for your garden and get them growing--from stratifying and sowing seeds to transplanting and dividing. We'll give you some tips about how best to water, fertilize, mulch, and deadhead them. We'll help you diagnose and treat problems that may arise and discuss how to tackle challenging environmental conditions. Above all, we'll give you the information you need to make your perennial garden as successful as you can while promoting biodiversity and creating a healthy habitat for pollinators and wildlife. Why not dig in? --Sheryl Normandeau & Janet Melrose.