Each chapter ends with a Summary, Key Terms, Discussion Questions, and Endnotes.PART 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO MULTICULTURALISMChapter 1. IntroductionRaceEthnicityMinority GroupsDistinguishing Physical or Cultural Traits: Unequal Treatment by Those in Power: Involuntary Membership: Solidarity of Members: In-Group Marriage: Types of Minority GroupsRacial Groups: Ethnic Groups: Religious Groups: Gender Groups: Creating Subordinate GroupsMigration: Annexation: Colonialism: The Consequences of Subordinate Group StatusPrejudice and DiscriminationRacismWhere Does Multiculturalism Fit Into the Discussion?Is Multiculturalism in America a Good Thing?: --Multiculturalism divides people--Multiculturalism fosters discrimination--Multiculturalism prevents equality--The Value of MulticulturalismChapter 2. Group Dynamics, Communication, and Social InteractionErving Goffman and the Nature of Social InteractionImpression Management: Social Interaction and the Criminal Justice SystemThe Criminal Justice "System"?GroupsWhat Constitutes a Group?: Groups in the Criminal Justice System: CommunicationThe Communication Process: Nonverbal Communication: Obstacles Affecting Communication: Differential Treatment and Symbolism: Social Interaction and MulticulturalismStatus and Roles: Socially Constructing Reality: PART II: CULTURAL SPECIFICS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMChapter 3. African Americans and the Criminal Justice SystemHistorical BackgroundSlavery: The Post-Slavery Era: The Civil Rights Movement: Civil Disobedience: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Riots: The Rise of Black Power: The Nation of Islam and Black Identity: African Americans Today: The Rise of the Black Middle ClassThe Historical Treatment of African Americans in the Criminal Justice SystemAfrican Americans and the Criminal Justice System TodayThe Police: --Public Opinion and the Police--Violent Crime--Arrests--Use of Force--Deadly Force--Profiling and Other Forms of AbuseThe Courts and African Americans: Sentencing Issues: The Death Penalty and African Americans: Corrections and African Americans: Race, Fear, and Crime: Is the Criminal Justice System Racist?: Chapter 4. Hispanic Americans and the Criminal Justice SystemChicanos and MexicansImmigration: Chicanos Today: CubansCubans Today: Puerto RicansThe Influence of Central and South AmericaHispanic Involvement in the Criminal Justice SystemImmigration and Crime: Chapter 5. Asian Americans and the Criminal Justice SystemA Brief Profile of Asian AmericansModel Minority Myth: Income Data: Hate Crimes and Racial Profiling: Far East AsiansChinese Americans: Japanese: Koreans: Southeast Asian AmericansPacific Islander AmericansHawaiians: Filipinos: Indian SubcontinentAsian Indians: Asian and the Criminal Justice SystemCrime Statistics: Asian Gangs: Human Smuggling: Transnational Organized Crime: Chapter 6.

Native Americans and the Criminal Justice SystemHistorical Presence of Native AmericansLegislating for the People: Termination: Government Involvement in Indian Affairs: Native Americans TodayEmployment and Income: Casino Gambling: Educational Achievement: Health Care: Native Americans and the Criminal Justice SystemCrime Rates: Victimization: Native Americans in the Federal System: The Role of Alcohol and Native American Crime: Questioning the Relationship between Native Americans and Crime Statistics: Native Americans and the Police: The Administration of Justice: Tribal Courts: Native Americans and the Correctional System: Chapter 7. Women and the Criminal Justice SystemThe Fight for RightsWomen as a Distinct CultureFemale Arrestees and VictimsTrends in Arrest Rates: Victimization: Women and PolicingPolicewomen: Interaction with the Police: Females and the CourtsSentencing: Capital Punishment and Females: Female Courtroom Personnel: Females and CorrectionsFemale Incarceration: Women in Jail: Females in Prison: Females Working in Corrections: Chapter 8. LGBTs and the Criminal Justice SystemPublic Attitudes about Lesbians, Gays, Bisexual, and TransgenderOperationalization of Terms: Gay vs. HomosexualityDifferences Between Male and Female Sexuality: The History of Homosexuality and Gay Identities in the United StatesLGBT''s and the Criminal Justice SystemHate Crimes and Victimization: Challenges for LGBT and PLWHIV in the Criminal Justice SystemLGBTs/PLWHIV and The PoliceGay Police Officers: The Courts and LGBTs/ PLWIHIV: LGBT/PLWHIV and Prison Life: Chapter 9. The Elderly and the Criminal Justice SystemBaby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation YElderly CrimeElderly Victims: Elderly Offenders: Types of Elderly OffendersShoplifting: Homicide: Sex Offenses: Drunk Driving: Formal Reactions to the Elderly CriminalElderly Inmates: Chapter 10. Juveniles and the Criminal Justice SystemDefinitions of Juvenile DelinquencyHistory of Juvenile Delinquency in the United StatesNineteenth-Century United StatesDelinquency in the Early Twentieth CenturyDelinquency in the 1960s-1970sDelinquency from the 1980s and into the New MillenniumThe Juvenile PopulationJuvenile VictimsJuvenile OffendersJuveniles and the Police: Juveniles and the Courts: Relative Rate Index: Juveniles and Corrections: Short-term FacilitiesInstitutional Life for DelinquentsMental Illness and Detention: Suicide and Institutionalized Youth: Delinquency, Detention, and Public Policy: PART III: INTERNAL ISSUES IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AND MULTICULTURALISMChapter 11. Policing and MulticulturalismHistorical PolicingThe Roots of U.S.

Policing: Historical U.S. Policing: Slave Patrols and Black Codes: Three Eras of Policing: Police Personnel IssuesLegislating Diversity in Policing: Integrating Policing: Steps to Diversify Policing: Police PracticesPolice Discretion: Organizational Variables: Situational Factors: Officer Characteristics: Neighborhood and Community Influences: Police-Community RelationsChapter 12. Courts and MulticulturalismInitial AppearanceNotice of Charges: Counsel and the Initial Appearance: Pretrial Release: Preliminary Hearing/Grand JuryArraignmentTrialsJury Selection: Constructing the Venire: Voir DireThe Body of the Trial: Jury Nullification: Enhancing Jury Trials: SentencingDiscriminatory Sentencing?: Sentencing Structures: Appellate CourtsMulticulturalism and Courtroom PersonnelChapter 13. Corrections and MulticulturalismThe Organization of CorrectionsThe Correctional PopulationIncarcerationPrison: Multiculturalism and Challenges in Prison: Jail: Community CorrectionsProbation: Release from Prison and Parole: Correctional Staff and TrainingDiversity and Correctional Staff: Chapter 14. Preparing for Multiculturalism and Diversity: Training and PoliciesTraining and MulticulturalismThe Role of Education: Training and Law Enforcement: Multiculturalism and Courtroom Personnel Training: Multiculturalism and Correctional Staff Training: The Limitations of Training: Policies and MulticulturalismChapter 15. The Future of Multiculturalism in Criminal Justice: Strategies for SuccessForecasting the FutureForecasting Multiculturalism in the Criminal Justice System: Critical Issues Affecting Multiculturalism and Criminal JusticeRacial and Ethnic Profiling: Hate Crimes: Immigration: Globalism and International Crime: Progress?.