Introduction Is Safety Really First? Safety Culture Subcultures An Overview of Safety Culture Neither a Buzzword nor an Easy Fix MSHA Defines Safety Culture The History of Safety and Safety Culture Safety at the Workplace How Well Are We Doing? Consequence Concentration Injuries Almost Irrelevant Upstream Actions Near-Miss Incidents Modern Safety Culture Work-Related and Non-Work-Related Accidents Homes More Dangerous Than Workplaces? Status Quo H.W. Heinrich Frank E. Bird, Jr Bird vs. Heinrich Conclusion Accident Causation Theories Accident Sequence Failure to Assess the Risk Lack of Control Basic Causes or Root Causes Immediate Causes Contact and Exchange of Energy Injury, Damage, or Loss A Measure of Safety Conclusion Safety Culture Change Management Functions Introduction Survey Management Leadership What Is a Manager? Basic Safety Management Functions Safety Planning Organizing for Safety Safety Leading Safety Controlling Safety Culture Change Management Principles Introduction Safety Management Principles Safety Culture Change Success Principle of Safety Management Results Principle of the Key Safety Advocate Principle of Safety Leadership Principle of Setting Safety Objectives Principle of Resistance to Safety Change Principle of Safety Communication Principle of Safety Participation Principle of Safety Definition Principle of Safety Reporting Principle of Safety Authority Principle of Interest in Safety Principle of the Critical Few Principle of Safety Recognition Past Safety Experience Predicts Future Experience Principle Principle of Safety Application Principle of Point of Control Principle of Multiple Causes Conclusion A Culture of Fear Introduction Embedded Culture International Culture Safety Bribery Injuries Off-the-Job Underground Mine Injury Safety Incentives E''s Story (as told to me) Condoned Practice Fear of Reporting Discipline Feedback Cover-Up The Biggest Challenge Declaring Amnesty Cardinal Rules Creating a Safe Space Case Study Conclusion Key Attributes of a Positive Safety Culture Introduction Safety as a Value Safety Ethics Vision Safety Strategy Mission Statement Safety Philosophy Safety Principles Safety Policy Statement Health and Safety Standards What System Are You Running? Strong Leadership in Place Management Training Commitment Integrity Establishing Authority, Responsibility, and Accountability Declaration of Safety Amnesty A Trust Forum between Employees and Management Employee Empowerment in Safety Safety Matters Receive Attention Development of Employees and Unions Ongoing Improvement Constant Monitoring of Progress Safety Standards Set and Maintained The Safety Team The Workplace Safety Communication Systems Building Blocks of a Good Safety Culture Safety Management Systems Safety Management Systems Risk Based Management Led Audit Based Internationally Accepted Risk-Based Safety Systems NOSA and SPI Five-Star Safety and Health Management System British Safety Council Five-Star Health and Safety Audit System International Loss Control Institute International Safety Rating System (ISRS) British Standards Institute Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series System (BSI-OHSAS 18001) SANS OHSAS 18001:2011 SANS OHSAS 18002:2011 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) Conclusion Steps toward Shifting the Workplace Safety Culture--Part 1 Introduction Major Decision Commitment Safety Leadership Team (SLT) Management Training Declaration of Safety Amnesty (No-Blame Culture) A Safe Space Credibility of Culture Change Development of Employees and Unions Sharing of Knowledge Employee Empowerment in Safety Listening to the Workforce All on Board The Next Steps Steps toward Shifting the Workplace Safety Culture--Part 2 Risk Assessment Risk Control Establishing Authority, Responsibility, and Accountability Appointment of a Senior Manager Example of an Accountabilities Standard Safety Audits Safety Culture Survey Action Plans Based on Audit Results Taking Action Communication Safety and Organizational Goals Steps toward Shifting the Workplace Safety Culture--Part 3 Introduction Business Order (Good Housekeeping) The Buildings and Floors Demarcation of Work Areas and Walkways Stacking and Storage Signs Toilet, Washroom, and Lunchroom Facilities Mechanical and Electrical Environment Ergonomic Surveys Occupational Hygiene Risks Conclusion Steps toward Shifting the Workplace Safety Culture--Part 4 Implementing the Safety System Controls Introduction Management Control Implementing a Safety Management System (SMS) Developing Safety System Standards How Does a Safety System Impact Safety Culture? Changing the Culture Conclusion Steps toward Shifting the Workplace Safety Culture--Part 5 Introduction The Safety Department Duties and Functions of a Safety Practitioner Security Occupational Hygiene Safety, Health, Environment, Quality, and Liability (SHEQR) Professional Behavior Key Role Appointing Champions for Change The Safety Advocates Safety and Health Representatives (Safety Representatives) Conclusion Steps toward Shifting the Workplace Safety Culture--Part 6 Monitoring Progress Keeping the Culture Recognizing Safety Achievements Riding the Bicycle Summary The Aluminum Company Case Study Introduction The Situation as It Was Safety in the Safety Department Training Areas Support of Safety Team Culture Change Executive Safety Committee The First Fatality The Second Fatality My Predecessors The Safety Committee The Showdown The CEO Saves the Day Progress Achievements Some Safety Culture Achievements during the 2 Years Conclusion And Then What Happened? The Copper Mine Case Study Introduction How It Started Initial Contact The Implementation Phase As It Was Management Closeout Only the Plant The First External Audit The Mine Buys into the System No Follow-Up from NOSA The Contract The First 3 Months The Safety Leadership Team Reporting Hierarchy Restructuring of the Safety Department Injury Management The Safety and Health Representatives One-Upmanship Managers Now Attend the Training Safety System Development Resistance to Change Staff Development One Five-Star Area Copper Company Merger New Corporate Safety Director MSHA Training Training of Safety and Health Representatives and the Jackets Internal Accredited Auditor Training External Audits Reductions in Injury Rates Safety Culture Change Closure References Index uses Contact and Exchange of Energy Injury, Damage, or Loss A Measure of Safety Conclusion Safety Culture Change Management Functions Introduction Survey Management Leadership What Is a Manager? Basic Safety Management Functions Safety Planning Organizing for Safety Safety Leading Safety Controlling Safety Culture Change Management Principles Introduction Safety Management Principles Safety Culture Change Success Principle of Safety Management Results Principle of the Key Safety Advocate Principle of Safety Leadership Principle of Setting Safety Objectives Principle of Resistance to Safety Change Principle of Safety Communication Principle of Safety Participation Principle of Safety Definition Principle of Safety Reporting Principle of Safety Authority Principle of Interest in Safety Principle of the Critical Few Principle of Safety Recognition Past Safety Experience Predicts Future Experience Principle Principle of Safety Application Principle of Point of Control Principle of Multiple Causes Conclusion A Culture of Fear Introduction Embedded Culture International Culture Safety Bribery Injuries Off-the-Job Underground Mine Injury Safety Incentives E''s Story (as told to me) Condoned Practice Fear of Reporting Discipline Feedback Cover-Up The Biggest Challenge Declaring Amnesty Cardinal Rules Creating a Safe Space Case Study Conclusion Key Attributes of a Positive Safety Culture Introduction Safety as a Value Safety Ethics Vision Safety S.