Acknowledgements 11 Introduction 13 Part One: The Creation and Growth of the Burns Supper CHAPTER ONE: Convivial Club Life in Burns's Time 23 CHAPTER TWO: The Creation of the First Burns Supper 34 Alloway, July 1801 34 How Hamilton Paul Bonded the Elements of the Burns Supper Together 39 CHAPTER THREE: The Charismatic Period 45 CHAPTER FOUR: The Traditional Period 64 International Scope 64 The United States of America 67 Canada 80 India 82 Australia 87 New Zealand 91 Hong Kong and the Far East 93 Africa 95 Back to the United Kingdom 97 CHAPTER FIVE The Bureaucratic Period 116 CHAPTER SIX: The Burns Supper at War 130 CHAPTER SEVEN: Innovations and the Global Period 144 Communism 144 Broadcasting 150 The Global Period 154 Part Two: The Elements of the Burns Supper CHAPTER EIGHT: The Immortal Memory 160 The Immortal Memory in Prose 161 The Form of the Toast 172 'Join Me in a Toast' 175 CHAPTER NINE: The Haggis 178 The Haggis for Scotland 179 Burns's Inspiration 185 The Haggis on the Menu 188 The Haggis in Ritual 193 Addressing the Haggis 199 CHAPTER TEN: Ale, Sangs an' Clatter 204 Drink 205 Entertainment 212 The Songs 214 The Poems 220 CHAPTER ELEVEN: Beginning and Ending the Evening 228 Opening the Proceedings: Saying Grace 228 Closing the Proceedings: Singing Auld Lang Syne 235 CHAPTER TWELVE: Female Participation in Burns Suppers 242 Women Attending the Burns Supper 242 The Toast to the Lass(i)es 254 Conclusion 259 Abbreviations 264 Endnotes & Further Reading 266.