Contents Introduction 1 PART ONE: Principles and policy of negligence 1. An action for damages in perspective 1 The Bradford football fire 2 Points for discussion 3 Civil Justice Reforms and Funding of Civil Actions 2. The duty of care 1 General Principles 2 Pure Omissions 3 Proximity and Failure to Prevent Harm 3. Duty of care: special problems 1 Liability of Public Authorities 2 Psychiatric Harm 3 Wrongful Conception, Wrongful Birth, and the Unborn Child 4. Pure economic loss 1 The Origins of the Rule against the Recovery of Negligently Caused Economic Loss 2 What Is Pure Economic Loss? 3 The Hedley Byrne Exception 4 The Basis and Development of the Hedley Byrne Exception 5 The Measure of Damages under Hedley Byrne : The ''Scope'' of the Duty 5. Breach of duty 1 The Reasonable Person 2 Application of the Standard of Care 3 Aids in Discharging the Burden of Proof 6. Causation and Remoteness of Damage 1 Factual Causation 2 Selection among Operative Factual Causes 3 Foreseeability of the Kind of Damage 4 Development of The Wagon Mound Doctrine 7. Defences : contributory negligence , volenti non fit injuria , exclusion of liability, and illegality and public policy 1 Contributory Negligence 2 Volenti non fit injuria 3 Exclusion of Liability 4 Illegality and Public Policy 8.

Assessment of damages 1 The Aims of an Award of Damages 2 Personal Injuries 3 Property Damage PART TWO: SPECIFIC DU TIES AND INTERESTS 9. LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE PREMISES 1 Occupiers'' Liability 2 Non-occupiers'' Liability for Premises 10. Product Liability 1 Negligence 2 Statutory Liability 11. Liability for animals 12. Breach of Statutory Duty 1 Express Creation of New Torts 2 Express Exclusion of Civil Remedy 3 Creation of New Torts by Judicial Interpretation of Statutes 4 The Scope of Protection 5 The ''Eurotort'' 6 A Note on Health and Safety Legislation 13. Intentional Interference with the Person 1 Trespass, Intention, and Negligence 2 Assault and Battery 3 False Imprisonment 4 The ''Tort in Wilkinson v Downton '' and Harassment 5 Defences 14. Interference with Land 1 Trespass to Land 2 Public Nuisance 3 Private Nuisance 4 Escape of Dangerous Things from Land 5 Fire 15. Intentional economic torts 1 Conspiracy 2 Inducing Breach of Contract 3 Causing Loss by Unlawful Means--the ''Unlawful Means Tort'' 4 The Tort of Deceit 16.

Interests in Reputation --Defamation 1 Defamation and Freedom of Expression 2 Who Can Sue? 975 3 Words or Matter Defamatory of the Claimant 4 The Distinction between Defamation and Malicious Falsehoods 5 Publication 6 Defences 7 Remedies 8 The Distinction between Libel and Slander 17. Invasion of Privacy PART THREE: Loss Distribution 18. Vicarious Liability 1 Justification for Vicarious Liability 2 Relationship of Employer and Employee 3 Relationships beyond Employment 4 Connection between the Relationship of the Tortfeasor and the Defendant and the Act of the Tortfeasor 5 Liability for Independent Contractors 6 Employer''s Liability to Employees 19. Joint Liability 1 Joint Tortfeasance 2 Contribution between Tortfeasors 20. Insurance and Compensation 1 The Relationship between Insurance and Tort Liability 2 Compulsory Insurance Provisions 3 Motor Insurers'' Bureau 4 The Settlement Process 5 Other Compensation Systems 6 The Future of Compensation Further Reading.