Introduction 1. The invention of biodiversity 2. The crisis of biological diversity and the issues at stake 3. What is international biodiversity law? Chapter I. The legal and institutional framework Section 1. The construction of the international law on biodiversity 1) The infancy (1885-1946) 2) The development phase (1946-1992) 3) The consolidation phase (since 1992) Section 2. The apprehension of biodiversity by international institutions 1) The role of intergovernmental organisations 2) The multifaceted institutionalisation of co-operation within the conventional framework 3) Non-State actors Chapter II. The status of biodiversity in international law Section 1.

The legal regime of biodiversity in international law 1) Biodiversity within the States' territorial jurisdiction 2) Biodiversity outside territorial jurisdiction Section 2. The values of biodiversity in international law 1) The instrumental value of biodiversity 2) The heritage value of biodiversity 3) The intrinsic value of biodiversity 4) From the value of biodiversity to ecosystem services: The return to an instrumental approach Chapter III. International law and biodiversity conservation Section 1. The focus of conservation 1) Global approaches 2) Targeted approaches Section 2. The substance of protection measures 1) General prevention obligations 2) Protection against exploitation 3) Protecting environments 4) Ex situ conservation Section 3. New perspectives 1) Offsetting 2) Rights-based approaches Chapter IV. International law and biosafety Section 1. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity 1) Two conflicting logics 3) The implementation of the Protocol Section 2.

The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 1) Lengthy negotiations 2) The content of the Protocol 3) The impact of the Protocol Chapter V. International law and access and benefit-sharing Section 1. The need for a Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity on access and benefit-sharing 1) A novel approach? 2) The ambiguities of the Convention 3) The need to expand the rules laid down in the Rio Convention and the launch of negotiations for a new Protocol to the Convention Section 2. The contribution of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization 1) The general economy of the Protocol 2) The challenging relationship of the Protocol with other international agreements 3) A limited impact Chapter VI. Supporting States in the implementation of the international law on biodiversity Section 1. Technical and financial co-operation tools 1) Technical co-operation 2) Financial co-operation Section 2. International implementation monitoring and sanctions for non-compliance 1) The institution of specific and non-judicial compliance procedures 2) Judicial review Conclusion Bibliography.