CONTENTS Summary A Look Ahead 1. INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY (NT) AND NANOMATERIALS (NMs) 1.1 Nanotechnology Debate 1.2 Nanomaterials (NMs) 1.3 The Nanoworld 1.4 Atoms, Clusters and Nanograins 1.5 What is Different at the Nanoscale 1.6 History of Nanomaterials 2.

PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS DEVICES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2.1. Charged particle single nanometer manufacturing 2.2. Exotic effects and potential 2.3. Preliminary concepts: elements from solid state physics 2.4.

Computing electronic transport 2.5. Basics of DFT and Methodology 2.6. Characterization of Nanomaterials 2.7. Characterization Techniques References 3. WHERE ARE NANOMATERIALS (NMs) FOUND 3.

1. Nanoparticles Are All Around Us 3.2. What Nanomaterials Exist in Nature 3.3. Environmental Nanoparticles and Colloids 3.4. Humic Substances 3.

5. Volcanic Ashes 3.6. Desert Sources of Nanoparticles 3.7. Biological Nanoparticles References 4. BENEFITS OF NANOMATERIALS AND NANOWIRE GEOMETRY 4.1 The Nanobulk Stage (10-15 years) 4.

2 Advances of Nanomaterials (NMs) 4.3 The Nanoworld Stage (15-40 years) 4.4 NMs Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biological and Chemical Sensing Applications 4.5 Benefits of the Nanowire Geometry 4.6 Disadvantages of Nanomaterials (NMs) References 5. WHY SO MUCH INTEREST IN NANOMATERIALS (NMs) 5.1. Recent Advances of Nanostructured Materials 5.

2. New Properties can be created 5.3 Some Present and Future Applications of Nanomaterials 5.4 Engineered Nanoparticles Change Shape in Soil and Groundwater 5.5 Applications of Field-Effect Transistors (FET) 5.6 Fabrication of 1-D Nanostructures References 6. EXAMPLES OF NANOMATERIALS WITH VARIOUS MORPHOLOGIES 6.1.

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 6.2. Nanoparticles 6.3. Other Application Examples of Nanoparticles are 6.4. Quantum Dots 6.5.

Nanoshell 6.6. Metal Rubber 6.7. Nanopores 6.8. Nanoparticles with Different Morphologies References 7. CARBON NANOMATERIALS AND TWO--DIMENSIONAL TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDES (2D TMDCs) 7.

1. Classification of 2D materials 7.2. 2D materials, their properties, and applications 7.3. Crystal structure of 2D materials 7.4. Electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D materials 7.

5. 2D van der Waals heterostructures 7.6. Fabrication of 2D heterostructures 7.7. 2D heterostructures and their applications 7.8. Fullerenes molecules 7.

9. Diamond molecules 7.10. Carbon Nanotubes (Carbon-based NPs) 7.11. Graphene background 7.12. Potential Applications of Graphene 7.

13. Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 7.14. The Future of Graphene Research References 8. NANOELECTRONICS AND ROLE OF SURFACES INTERFACES 8.1. The Development of Microelectronics 8.2.

The Region of Nanostructures 8.3. Crystal Structure and Dense Planes 8.4. The Surface Energy γ 8.5. Transistor Scaling 8.6.

Molecular Electronics 8.7. Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 9. CLASSIFICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS 9.1. Gleiter''s Classification of Nanostructured Materials (NSM) 9.2. Classification of Nanomaterials by Dimensionality 9.

3. Some Classifications Definitions 9.4. Elementary Building Units (Nanostructures) 9.5. Quantum Confinement from 3D to 0D 9.6 Matrix-Reinforced and Layered Nanocomposites 9.7.

Nanowires (NWs) References 10. PROCESSING OF NANOMATERIALS (NMs) 10.1. Top-down approaches 10.2. Bottom-up approach 10. 3. Two approaches with the same goal 10.

4. Methods for Creating Nanostructures References 11. TECHNIQUES FOR ELABORATION OF NANOMATERIALS 11.1. Vapor - Phase Synthesis 11.2. Liquid Phase Synthesis 11.3.

Sol-Gel Technique 11.4. Solid - State Phase Synthesis 11.5. Other Methods 11.6. Consolidation of Nanopowders 12. SYNTHESIS METHODS FOR 2D NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS, NANOPARTICLES (NPs), NANOTUBES (NTs) AND NANOWIRES (NWs) 12.

1. Synthesis Methods for 2D Materials 12.2. Synthesis Methods of Nanoparticles NPs 12.3. Synthesis Methods of Nanotubes (NTs) 12.4. Synthesis Methods of Nanowires NWs References 13.

CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS FOR NANOSTRUCTURES SEMICONDUCTIVITY 13.1. Conductivity of Nanowires NWs 13.2. Welding Nanowires 13.3. Silicon-Germanium Nanowires SiGe NWs 13.4.

Growth Techniques, Morphology, and Structural Properties of SiGe NWs 13.5. Chemical and Physical Properties of Nanowires 13.6. Theoretical Modeling References 14. PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS (NSMs) AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF (NPs) 14.1. Properties of Nanoscale Matter 14.

2. Nanoscale materials show quantum confinement effects 14.3. The Physical Properties of Nanoclusters 14.4. The Electronic Properties 14.5. The Magnetic Properties and Classifications of Magnetic Nanomaterials 14.

6. The Optical Properties 14.7. The Electrical Properties 14.8. The Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials 14.9 Thermal Properties of NSMs 14.10.

Chemical Properties of NSMs 14.11. Physicochemical Properties of NPs References 15. APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS AND NANOPARTICLES 15.1. Applications of NMs in Mechanical Industries 15.2. Applications of NMs in Health and Medical Therapy 15.

3. Applications in manufacturing and materials 15.4. Applications in the Environment 15.5. Applications in the Electronics 15.6. Applications in Energy Harvesting 15.

7. Current and future trends 15.8. Examples of Nanomaterials'' Applications References 16. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF NANO MATERIALS AND NANO DEVICES 16.1. From Microelectronics to Nanoelectronics and Molecular Electronics 16.2.

Nano in Energy and Clean Energy 16.3. The Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology 16.4. AI and Nanotechnology How do They Work Together 16.5. Novel Nanotubes and Encapsulated Nanowires 16.6.

Novel Applications of Nanowires and Nanotubes 16.7. Nanowire-based Transistors (Nanotube field-effect transistor) 16.8. Sensing Devices 16.9. Racetrack Memory 16.10.

Nanowire-based Metamaterials 16.11. Indicators and Flat Displays 16.12. Nanowire Photovoltaics 16.13. Nanowires and Nano-Composite as Corrosion Inhibitors References 17. INTERFACING BIOLOGY SYSTEMS WITH NANOELECTRONICS 17.

1. Nanoelectronic-Biological Interfaces Enable 17.2. Molecular Biomimetic: Nanotechnology through Biology 17.3. Fundamentals of NanoFET in Biology and Medicine 17.4. Multiplexed Extracellular Electrical Recording 17.

5. Intracellular Electrical Recording 17.6. Nanoelectronics Innervated Synthetic Tissues 17.7. Application areas of Biosensors and -assays 17.8. Selection of Inorganic-Binding Proteins through Display Technologies 17.

9. Future Vision for Life Sciences References FUTURE PERSPECTIVES CONCLUSIONS Bibliography Recent Published Research Articles in Nano--and Bio--Nanotechnology.