The world where we live is changing faster than ever before. Different challenges and changes are putting pressure on organizations to become more flexible and dynamic. The process of change is not easy, at the same time all those involved (managers, engineers, researchers and academics) are facing considerable demands to be successful. Conscious of this reality, and drawing on the latest developments, ideas, research and best practices, this book intends to examine the implications of the latest challenges and changes taking place in the environment and, consequently, in the organizational arena. Furthermore, the authors in this book discuss how these challenges and changes affect the management and motivation of human resources belonging to these organizations. Designed to increase the knowledge and effectiveness of all those involved in human resource management, whether in the profit or non-profit sectors, or in the public or private sectors, this book can be used for academics, researchers, human resources managers, managers, engineers, and other professionals in related areas.