In 2004, Dr. Thomas Killion, the Army Science and Technology (S&T) Executive, requested a series of reports detailing technology development for selected Army weapons systems. Dr. Killion was interested in studying the genesis of successful, fielded systems to gain insight into common factors that promoted technology development and integration. He was inspired in part by a similar study conducted by the Department of Defense (DOD) in the 1960s, called Project Hindsight.1 Dr. Killion hoped that the findings of the studies could help guide decisions in managing the Army S&T portfolio.