1. INTRODUCTION 1 Ultrasound Basics 2 Different Probes for Different Applications 2 Using Ultrasound Probes 3 Appearance of Tissues in Ultrasound Images 5 Basic "Knobology" and Image Optimization 7 2. BASIC ULTRASOUND PHYSICS 9 Sound Waves 10 Attenuation 13 Ultrasound Probes 15 Producing an Image 18 Specular Reflection and Diffuse Reflection 20 Bioeffects of Ultrasound Energy 23 3. BACK 25 Lumbar Spine 26 Review of the Anatomy 26 Technique 27 4. UPPER LIMB 33 Brachial Plexus 34 Review of the Anatomy 34 Technique 35 Shoulder 39 Review of the Anatomy 39 Technique 41 Arm 49 Review of the Anatomy 49 Technique 50 Elbow 53 Review of the Anatomy 53 Technique 55 Distal Forearm, Wrist, and Hand 63 Review of the Anatomy 63 Technique 65 5. LOWER LIMB 77 Proximal Thigh and Inguinal Region 78 Review of the Anatomy 78 Technique 81 Gluteal region 88 Review of the Anatomy 88 Technique 90 Thigh 95 Review of the Anatomy 95 Technique 97 Knee 108 Review of the Anatomy 108 Technique 111 Leg 120 Review of the Anatomy 120 Technique 123 Ankle and Foot 131 Review of the Anatomy 131 Technique 135 6. THORAX: CHEST WALL AND PLEURA 147 Review of the Anatomy 148 Technique 150 7. HEART 153 Review of the Anatomy 154 Technique 157 8.

ABDOMEN 161 Abdominal Wall 162 Review of the Anatomy 162 Technique 164 Peritoneum, Gastrointestinal Tract, and Liver 167 Review of the Anatomy 167 Technique 171 Gallbladder 180 Review of the Anatomy 180 Technique 181 Spleen and Kidneys 183 Review of the Anatomy 183 Technique 185 Pancreas 189 Review of the Anatomy 189 Technique 190 Abdominal Vessels 192 Review of the Anatomy 192 Technique 195 9. NECK, FACE, EYE 203 Neck 204 Review of the Anatomy 204 Technique 210 Viscera of the Neck 216 Review of the Anatomy 216 Technique 218 Face 223 Review of the Anatomy 223 Technique 227 Eye and Orbit 228 Review of the Anatomy 228 Technique 229 10. FEMALE PELVIS 231 Review of the Anatomy 232 Technique 234 11. MALE PELVIS 237 Review of the Anatomy 238 Erection and Ejaculation 241 Technique 242 12. FOCUSED ASSESSMENT WITH SONOGRAPHY FOR TRAUMA (FAST) 245 Overview of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma 246 Review of the Anatomy 247 Right Upper Quadrant 248 Technique 248 Left Upper Quadrant 251 Technique 251 Suprapubic Views of Abdomen/Pelvis 253 Technique 253 Heart and Pericardial Space 257 13. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 259 INDEX 269.