Foreword Preface Comparative Analysis Patterns of Economic Divergence in the Middle East: The Case of Labor Importers and Exporters Structural Change in the Gulf Region: The Impact of the Foreign Workforce Factors Affecting Employment in the Arab Gulf Region Country Studies: The Larger States Saudi Arabia: Budgetary Priorities and the Impact of Austerity Measures on Human Capital Development Iran: War Revolution and the Maintenance of Human Capital Iraq: War and Human Capital Deterioration Country Studies: The Smaller States Manpower Options in Kuwait Human Capital Development in Oman Manpower Policies in Bahrain Human Capital Expenditures in the UAE Employment Patterns in Qatar Conclusions Mobilizing Human Resources in the Gulf States: Key Issues for the Future.