The Paradigm Shift The illustration on the next page demonstrate that our viewpoint changes what we see. Our perception dictates which version of each optical illusion we see. Similarly, our viewpoint, based on our values and beliefs, shapes how we think about and implement all backpacking adventures, how we choose and use our gear, and the general approach we take to outdoor adventure. Beginner backpackers do not have to move from one set of values and beliefs to another to begin backpacking. Experienced backpackers who are used to conventional backpacking equipment and its corresponding thinking will need to experience a paradigm shift in thought and attitudes toward backpacking gear, its usage, and its organization in order to incorporate ultralight ideas. In the years I''ve been thinking about ultralight gear, I seem to continually find myself falling into the trap of my old values, old viewpoints, and conventional thinking. This is, of course, the natural result of many years of looking at the world through the same glasses. I''ll look at a piece of gear and think, "Of course I need to take that!" Then, if I''m honest with myself, I realize that the reason I want to take it is only that I''ve always taken it.

How can we get out of this holding pattern? The first step to enter a paradigm shift is to confront our own biases, built-in habits, hidden beliefs, and perspectives that form the basis of how we see life. We need to be aware of our mindset and its values before we can shift to another if we so desire. Without this awareness, shifting is either sudden and traumatic, or accidental, and therefore not when we need it. We discussed above some of the central characteristics of the conventional backpacking and ultralight backpacking mental frameworks, along with some suggestions about assumptions as we go through the shift. These will help us in our quest to be free of the habits that limit our transition. Then, as we consider ultralight gear, ultralight attitudes, and ultralight backpacking as a new way of being in the wilderness, we can be aware of the assumptions and expectations in our mind that come from the conventional backpacking world. With this awareness, we can choose to not apply those assumptions in this arena. Then we are free to make decisions that are not based on or biased by such habit-based thinking.

We need to be honest with ourselves about our strengths, weaknesses, and needs. This is especially true in the area of personal comfort. Here is a list of questions that might help: How much cushion do you need in your sleeping pad? This will dictate the style of pad you need and available options. Do you get cold easily? If so, this might mean you need a warmer sleeping bag and pad, and possibly a down jacket as well. This answer also dictates what clothing layers you will need on each trip. Do you need a chair in camp? Do you need rain gear? If so, is a rain jacket enough, or do you also need rain pants? If you need rain pants, do they need to be insulated? Do you need non-waterproof insulated pants with rain pants to go over them? Do you need bug protection along with rain protection in your shelter? If so, a tarp alone is not enough. Where you camp, is the land soft enough for tent stakes, or are there rocks or other natural things that can be used to anchor a non-freestanding tent? If not, you might need a freestanding shelter. What kind of cooking do you plan to do? Size of pot(s) and the specific kind of stove to bring are dependent upon this answer.

Are you cooking for only yourself or also for others? Do you have specific dietary needs that dictate specific foods and ways of cooking? What water sources are available where you backpack? Is there the possibility of human feces in the water? Is the water clear or murky? Is it deep or running, or just a pothole with a bit of water in it? These dictate the type of water purification or filtration system you bring. Are there water sources en route, so you can carry only a small amount of water and refill along the way? Or do you need to carry water for the entire trek? Have you hiked in low-cut lightweight hiking shoes or trail-running shoes? Do you need heavy hiking boots if your pack is only 20 pounds? How much of a first-aid kit do you really need? Are you the doctor for a large group, or just needing to cover possible injuries for yourself ? How likely is it that you will encounter an injured party en route or need to help someone else in your own group? How often do you actually use a knife or multiuse tool in the backcountry? How many uses does the tool you take need to have? Would a razor blade suffice? Some people bring a lot of clothes when backpacking. Could you get by with just one change of underwear and a clean pair of socks? Do you tend to lose gear on trips? Do you have a method of organizing your gear? All of these and other such questions help us refine our gear choices. If we are not honest with our answers, we will probably find we are unhappy with decisions based on those answers. Quick Tips Consider what you do habitually when you backpack. Now consider why you do these things. Look honestly at how you think about backpacking gear. What are your expectations?.