Preface Introduction PART 1 The Beginnings of Science 1 The Scientific Mentality before the Onset of Civilization (Prehistory-4000 BCE) 2 Civilization and Science in Ancient Mesopotamia (4000-300 BCE) 3 Civilization and Science in the Nile River Valley (3100-300 BCE) PART 2 Magic, Religion, and Science 4 Magic, Superstition, and Science in the Ancient World (4000 BCE-500 CE) 5 Ancient Religion and Science (4000 BCE-500 CE) PART 3 Science in Ancient Central, Southern, and Eastern Asia 6 Science in Ancient Central and Southern Asia (3000 BCE-500 CE) 7 Science in Ancient Eastern Asia (2100 BCE-400 CE) PART 4 The Ancient Greeks 8 Ionian Greek Science (750-300 BCE) 9 Science in Magna Graecia (750-300 BCE) 10 Classical Greek Science (500-300 BCE) 11 Athenian Science (500-300 BCE) PART 5 Geographical and Astronomical Knowledge 12 Exploration and Geographical Knowledge in the Ancient World (4000 BCE-500 CE) 13 Phoenician and Carthaginian Science (1000-200 BCE) 14 Astronomy in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds (4000 BCE-1500 CE) PART 6 The Expansion of Greek Science 15 Hellenistic Greece (331-30 BCE) 16 Greek Philosophy and the Philosophy of Science (750-100 BCE) 17 Greek Science in the Roman Empire (750 BCE-500 CE) PART 7 Greco-Roman Science 18 Medical Science in Ancient Greece (750-100 BCE) 19 Medical Science in the Roman Empire (300 BCE-500 CE) 20 Mathematical Science in Ancient Greece and Rome (750 BCE-200 CE) 21 Science during the Pax Romana (31 BCE-180 CE) PART 8 Applied Science in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds 22 Engineering and Technology in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds (4000 BCE-1500 CE) 23 Social and Behavioral Sciences in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds (500 BCE-1500 CE) PART 9 Science in the Later Roman and Byzantine Empires 24 Late Roman Science (180-500 CE) 25 Byzantine Science (300-1450 CE) PART 10 The Impact of Ancient Science upon Medieval Asia, Africa, and Europe 26 Science in Medieval Mesopotamia and the Levant (600-1500 CE) 27 Science in Moorish Spain (700-1450 CE) 28 Science in Medieval Africa (500-1500 CE) 29 Science in Medieval Central and Southern Asia (500-1500 CE) 30 Science in Medieval East and Southeast Asia (400-1644 CE) 31 Science and Philosophy during the European Middle Ages (500-1300 CE) PART 11 Expansion of Science into New Worlds 32 Exploration and Geographic Knowledge in the Medieval World (500-1500 CE) 33 Science in the Americas (500-1500 CE) PART 12 The Impact of Ancient and Medieval Science upon Modern Science 34 Conclusion: The Scientific Revolution Chronology Bibliography Index.