Contents Preface .xiii Author . xv 1. Introduction and Brief History of Holography . 1 1.1 Introduction . 1 1.2 Historical Background .
1 1.3 Philosophy and Content of the Book. 4 References . 5 2. Background of Physical and Geometrical Optics for Holography . 9 2.1 Introduction . 9 2.
2 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave . 9 2.3 Polarization of an Optical Field . 12 2.3.1 Linear Polarization . 13 2.3.
2 Circular Polarization . 13 2.3.3 Elliptical Polarization.14 2.4 Coherence . 15 2.4.
1 Temporal Coherence . 15 2.4.2 Spatial Coherence .18 2.5 Geometrical Optics . 20 2.5.
1 Ray Propagation . 20 2.5.2 Reflection at Dielectric Interfaces . 21 2.5.2.1 Fresnel Formulae .
21 2.5.2.2 Brewster Angle . 24 2.5.2.3 Total Internal Reflection .
25 2.5.3 Optical Lenses . 25 2.5.4 Focusing Mirrors . 28 2.5.
5 Paraxial Rays and Basic Image Analysis Methods . 28 2.5.5.1 Paraxial Approximation and Ray Trace Relations . 28 2.5.5.
2 Basic Image Analysis Methods . 29 2.6 Diffraction Analysis . 30 2.6.1 Huygens-Fresnel Diffraction Relation .31 2.6.
2 Fresnel or Near-Field Diffraction Region . 32 2.6.3 Fraunhofer or Far-Field Diffraction Region . 32 2.6.4 Fourier Transform Properties of a Lens . 33 2.
6.5 Diffraction by Apertures . 35 2.6.5.1 Rectangular Aperture . 35 2.6.
5.2 Circular Aperture . 36 Problems . 37 References . 40 3. Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Holography .41 3.1 Introduction .
41 3.2 Holographic Recording Process .41 3.2.1 Step 1: Superimposing the Object and Reference Beams .41 3.2.2 Step 2: Expose the Recording Material and Convert to a Physical Holographic Grating.
43 3.2.3 Step 3: Reconstructing the Holographic Image . 43 3.3 Scattering from a Periodic Array of Scattering Points and the Grating Equation . 44 3.4 Hologram Terminology . 46 3.
4.1 Diffraction Efficiency . 46 3.4.2 Linear, Computer Generated, and Digital Holography Recording . 46 3.4.3 Thin and Thick (Volume) Holographic Gratings .
47 3.4.4 Transmission and Reflection Type Holograms . 48 3.5 Hologram Geometries . 49 3.5.1 "In-Line" (Gabor Type) Holograms .
49 3.5.2 "Off-Axis" Hologram . 50 3.5.3 Fourier Transform Hologram . 50 3.5.
4 Fraunhofer Hologram . 52 3.5.5 Hologram Geometry Diagram . 53 3.6 Plane Wave Analysis of Holograms . 54 3.6.
1 Grating Vector . 55 3.6.2 K -Vector Closure or Bragg Condition . 56 3.6.3 Reflection Hologram Example . 56 3.
6.4 Bragg Circle Diagram . 57 3.7 Dispersion of Thin Gratings. 59 3.7.1 Example of a Spectrometer with a Holographic Grating . 60 Problems .
61 References . 63 4. Holographic Image Formation . 65 4.1 Introduction . 65 4.2 Exact Ray Tracing . 65 4.
2.1 Exact Ray Tracing Algorithm . 65 4.2.2 Primary and Secondary Image Formation . 69 4.2.3 Forming a Real Image with a Conjugate Reconstruction Beam.
69 4.3 Hologram Paraxial Imaging Relations . 70 4.3.1 Analysis of the Phase Distribution from a Point Source to a Hologram Plane . 71 4.3.2 Image Magnification Effects .