INTRODUCTION What is a Cross-Over Trial? With which Sort of Cross-Over Trial are We Concerned? Why Do Cross-Over Trials Need Special Consideration? A Brief History Notation, Models and Analysis Aims of this Book Structure of the Book THE 2 x 2 CROSS-OVER TRIAL Introduction Plotting the Data The Analysis Using t-Tests Sample Size Calculations The Analysis of Variance Aliasing of Effects Consequences of preliminary testing Analyzing the residuals A Bayesian Analysis of the 2 x 2 Trial The Use of Baseline Measurements The Use of Covariates Nonparametric Analysis Binary Data HIGHER-ORDER DESIGNS FOR TWO TREATMENTS Introduction 'Optimal' Designs Balaam's Design for Two Treatments The Effect of Preliminary Testing in Balaam's Design Three-Period Designs with Two Sequences Three-Period Designs with Four Sequences A Three-Period Six-Sequence Design Which Three-Period Design to Use? Four-Period Designs with Two Sequences Four-Period Designs with Four Sequences Four-Period Designs with Six Sequences Which Four-Period Design to Use? Which Two-Treatment Design to Use? DESIGNING CROSS-OVER TRIALS FOR THREE OR MORE TREATMENTS Introduction Variance-Balanced Designs Optimality Results for Cross-Over Designs Which Variance Balanced Design to Use? Partially Balanced Designs Comparing Test Treatments to a Control Factorial Treatment Combinations Extending the Simple Model for Carry-Over Effects Computer Search Algorithms ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS DATA Introduction The Fixed Subject Effects Model The Random Subject Effects Model Analyses for Higher-Order Two-Treatment Designs The General Linear Mixed Model Analysis of Repeated Measurements within Periods Cross-Over Data as Repeated Measurements Case Study: an Analysis of a Trial with Many Periods ANALYSIS OF CATEGORICAL DATA Introduction Binary Data: Subject Effect Models Binary Data: Marginal Models Categorical Data Further Topics BIOEQUIVALENCE TRIALS What is Bioequivalence Testing for Average Bioequivalence Power and Sample Size for ABE in the 2 x 2 Design Individual Bioequivalence Population Bioequivalence ABE for a Replicate Design Kullback-Leibler Divergence for Evaluating Bioequivalence Modelling Pharmacokinetic Data APPENDICES Least Squares Estimation SAS Code for Assessing ABEm IBE, and PBE in Replicate Cross-Over Trials REFERENCES.