SECTION I Essential Renal Anatomy and Physiology 1 Renal Anatomy, 1 2 Renal Physiology, 14 SECTION II Investigation of Renal Disease 3 Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate, 29 4 Urinalysis, 39 5 Imaging, 53 6 Renal Biopsy, 72 SECTION III Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders 7 Disorders of Extracellular Volume, 80 8 Disorders of Water Metabolism, 94 9 Disorders of Potassium Metabolism, 111 10 Disorders of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Metabolism, 124 11 Normal Acid-Base Balance, 142 12 Metabolic Acidosis, 149 13 Metabolic Alkalosis, 160 14 Respiratory Acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis, and Mixed Disorders, 170 SECTION IV Glomerular Disease 15 Introduction to Glomerular Disease: Clinical Presentations, 184 16 Introduction to Glomerular Disease: Histologic Classification and Pathogenesis, 199 17 Minimal Change Disease, 209 18 Primary and Secondary (Non-Genetic) Causes of Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, 219 19 Inherited Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome, 232 20 Membranous Nephropathy, 240 21 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis and Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis, 254 22 Glomerulonephritis Associated With Complement Disorders, 263 23 Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura), 270 24 Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease and Goodpasture Disease, 281 25 Renal and Systemic Vasculitis, 290 26 Lupus Nephritis, 306 27 Renal Amyloidosis and Glomerular Diseases With Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition, 320 28 Rare Glomerular Disorders, 333 29 Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Including Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, 343 SECTION V Diabetic Kidney Disease 30 Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Natural History of Diabetic Kidney Disease, 357 31 Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease, 376 32 Management of the Diabetic Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease, 385 SECTION VI Hypertension 33 Normal Blood Pressure Control and the Evaluation of Hypertension, 396 34 Primary Hypertension, 412 35 Nonpharmacologic Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension, 422 36 Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension, 430 37 Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies, 444 38 Endocrine Causes of Hypertension: Aldosterone, 453 39 Other Endocrine Causes of Hypertension, 463 40 Neurogenic Hypertension, Including Hypertension Associated With Stroke or Spinal Cord Injury, 473 SECTION VII Renovascular Disease 41 Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic Nephropathy, 482 SECTION VIII Pregnancy and Renal Disease 42 Renal Physiology and Complications in Normal Pregnancy, 502 43 Pregnancy With Preexisting Kidney Disease, 522 SECTION IX Hereditary and Congenital Diseases of the Kidney 44 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, 532 45 Other Cystic Kidney Diseases, 545 46 Alport Syndrome and Other Familial Glomerular Syndromes, 560 47 Inherited Disorders of Sodium and Water Handling, 575 48 Fanconi Syndrome and Other Proximal Tubule Disorders, 586 49 Sickle Cell Diseases and the Kidney, 597 50 Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract, 607 SECTION X Infectious Diseases and the Kidney 51 Urinary Tract Infections in Adults, 626 52 Tuberculosis of the Urinary Tract, 639 53 Fungal Infections of the Urinary Tract, 650 54 The Kidney in Schistosomiasis, 655 55 Glomerular Diseases Associated With Infection, 664 56 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Kidney, 679 SECTION XI Urologic Disorders 57 Nephrolithiasis and Nephrocalcinosis, 689 58 Urinary Tract Obstruction, 704 59 Urologic Issues for the Nephrologist, 717 SECTION XII Tubulointerstitial and Vascular Diseases 60 Acute Interstitial Nephritis, 729 61 Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux and Reflux Nephropathy, 738 62 Chronic Interstitial Nephritis, 748 63 Endemic Nephropathies, 761 64 Myeloma and the Kidney, 767 SECTION XIII Renal Disease and Cancer 65 Onconephrology: Kidney Disease in Cancer Patients, 776 SECTION XIV Acute Kidney Injury 66 Pathophysiology and Etiology of Acute Kidney Injury, 786 67 Acute Kidney Injury in the Tropics, 802 68 Diagnosis and Clinical Evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury, 810 69 Epidemiology and Prognostic Impact of Acute Kidney Injury, 820 70 Prevention and Nondialytic Management of Acute Kidney Injury, 825 71 Dialytic Management of Acute Kidney Injury and Intensive Care Unit Nephrology, 838 72 Dialytic Management of Refractory Heart Failure, 852 73 Hepatorenal Syndrome, 859 SECTION XV Drug Therapy in Kidney Disease 74 Principles of Drug Therapy, Dosing, and Prescribing in Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Replacement Therapy, 870 75 Common Issues in Prescribing in Kidney Disease and Renal Replacement Therapy, 880 76 Herbal and Over-the-Counter Medicines and the Kidney, 894 SECTION XVI Chronic Kidney Disease and the Uremic Syndrome 77 Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis, 903 78 Pathophysiology of Disease Progression in Proteinuric and Nonproteinuric Kidney Disease, 913 79 Retarding Progression of Kidney Disease, 924 80 Clinical Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, 935 81 Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease, 942 82 Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease, 958 83 Other Blood and Immune Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease, 967 84 Bone and Mineral Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease, 979 85 Neurologic Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease, 996 86 Gastroenterology and Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease, 1002 87 Dermatologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease, 1013 88 Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease and Malignant Neoplasms, 1022 SECTION XVII Geriatric and Palliative Nephrology 89 Geriatric Nephrology, 1028 SECTION XVIII Dialytic Therapies 90 Approach to Renal Replacement Therapy, 1036 91 Vascular Access for Dialytic Therapies, 1050 92 Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology, 1062 93 Hemodialysis: Principles and Techniques, 1073 94 Hemodialysis: Dialysis Prescription and Adequacy, 1082 95 Acute Complications During Hemodialysis, 1090 96 Peritoneal Dialysis: Principles, Techniques, and Adequacy, 1103 97 Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis, 1114 98 Extracorporeal Therapies for Drug Overdose and Poisoning, 1124 99 Plasma Exchange, 1132 SECTION XIX Transplantation 100 Immunologic Principles in Kidney Transplantation, 1141 101 Immunosuppressive Medications in Kidney Transplantation, 1154 102 Evaluation and Preoperative Management of Kidney Transplant Recipient and Donor, 1163 103 Kidney Transplantation Surgery, 1174 104 Prophylaxis and Treatment of Kidney Transplant Rejection, 1186 105 Medical Management of the Kidney Transplant Recipient: Infections and Malignancies, 1198 106 Medical Management of the Kidney Transplant Recipient: Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Abnormalities, 1213 107 Chronic Allograft Injury, 1226 108 Recurrent Disease in Kidney Transplantation, 1236 109 Outcomes of Renal Transplantation, 1247 110 Pancreas and Islet Transplantation, 1258 111 Kidney Disease in Liver, Cardiac, Lung, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 1272 SECTION XX Palliative Nephrology 112 Palliative Nephrology, 1282 Index, 1289.