Preface Introduction Adam B. Jaffe and Benjamin F. Jones I. The Organization of Scientific Research 1. Why and Wherefore of Increased Scientific Collaboration Richard B. Freeman, Ina Ganguli, and Raviv Murciano- Goroff 2. The (Changing) Knowledge Production Function: Evidence from the MIT Department of Biology for 19702000 49 Annamaria Conti and Christopher C. Liu 3.

Collaboration, Stars, and the Changing Organization of Science: Evidence from Evolutionary Biology Ajay Agrawal, John McHale, and Alexander Oettl Comment : Julia Lane 4. Credit History: The Changing Nature of Scientific Credit Joshua S. Gans and Fiona Murray II. The Geography of Innovation 5. The Rise of International Coinvention Lee Branstetter, Guangwei Li, and Francisco Veloso 6. Information Technology and the Distribution of Inventive Activity Chris Forman, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein III. Entrepreneurship and Market- Based Innovation 7. Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Renewable Energy Ramana Nanda, Ken Younge, and Lee Fleming 8.

Economic Value Creation in Mobile Applications Timothy F. Bresnahan, Jason P. Davis, and Pai- Ling Yin 9. State Science Policy Experiments Maryann Feldman and Lauren Lanahan IV. Historical Perspectives on Science Institutions and Paradigms 10. The Endless Frontier: Reaping What Bush Sowed? Paula Stephan Comment : Bruce A. Weinberg 11. Algorithms and the Changing Frontier Hezekiah Agwara, Philip Auerswald, and Brian Higginbotham Comment : Timothy Simcoe Contributors Author Index Subject Index.