Preface Acknowledgments Author Introduction to Cognitive Radio Introduction Cognitive Radio Framework Definition of Cognitive Radio Functions of Cognitive Radio Framework Transceiver Architecture Critical Design Challenges Functions of the Spectrum Management Process Paradigms of Cognitive Radio Interweave Paradigm Underlay Paradigm Overlay Paradigm Summary Organization of This Book References Spectrum Sensing Introduction Spectrum Sensing Matched Filtering (Coherent Detector) Energy Detector Feature Detection Comparison Design Trade-Off and Challenges Multiband Spectrum Sensing Introduction Serial Spectrum Sensing Techniques Parallel Spectrum Sensing (Multiple Single-Band Detectors) Wavelet Sensing Compressed Sensing Angle-Based Sensing Blind Sensing Other Algorithms Comparison Conclusion References Cooperative Spectrum Acquisition Introduction Basics of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Hard Combining Soft Combining Hybrid Combining Cooperative Spectrum Access in Multiband Cognitive Radio Networks Examples of Cooperative Spectrum Acquisition Techniques Decision-Based CSS Using Energy Detection Performance Analysis Cooperative Transmission Techniques Chase-Combining Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Cooperative Diversity Selective Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Strategies Dual-Threshold Selective CSS Strategy Maximum Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Strategy Maximum-Minimum CSS Strategy Comparison and Discussion Conclusion Conclusion References Cooperative Spectrum Acquisition in the Presence of Interference Introduction Chase-Combining HARQ Performance Results Regenerative Cooperative Diversity Average Spectral Efficiency Outage Probability Error Probability Simulation Results Conclusions Spectrum Underlay Underlay Access Relaying Using Decode and Forward (DF) Relaying Using AF Incremental Relaying Simulation Results and Illustrations Error Probability Conclusion References Spectrum Sensing: Performance Measures and Design Trade-Offs Introduction Receiver Operating Characteristics Single Band Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Multiband Cognitive Radio Throughput Performance Measures Fundamental Limits and Trade-Offs Sensing Time Optimization Diversity and Sampling Trade-Offs Power Control and Interference Limits Trade-Offs Resource Allocation Trade-Offs Conclusion References Spectrum Handoff Introduction Spectrum Mobility Relationship with Other Spectrum Management Functions Spectrum Handoff Strategies Nonhandoff Strategy Reactive Handoff Strategy Proactive Handoff Strategy Hybrid Handoff Strategy Comparison Design Requirements for Spectrum Mobility Management Transport-Layer Protocol Adaptation Cross-Layer Link Maintenance and Optimization Search for Best Backup Channel Channel Contention during Spectrum Handoff Common Control Channel Performance Metrics Mathematical Models for Spectrum Handoff Performance of Spectrum Handoff Strategies Time Relationship Model of Spectrum Handoff MB-CRN Handoff Conclusion References MAC Protocols in Cognitive Radio Networks Introduction Functionality of MAC Protocol in Spectrum Access Difference between Traditional MAC and CR MAC Centralized versus Distributed Architectures Concept of Common Control Channel in CR MAC Classification of MAC protocols Interframe Spacing and MAC Challenges in the Absence of CCC Interframe Spacing in CSMA-/CA-Based Protocols MAC Challenges in the Absence of CCC Network Setup in the Absence of CCC Fair Allocation of CCC QoS in CR MAC Distributed QoS-Aware Cognitive MAC (QC-MAC) Protocol QoS-Aware MAC (QA-MAC) Protocol Mobility Management Primary User Experience and Mobility Support with CCC Mobility Support without CCC Conclusion References Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Network Models and Local Control Schemes Introduction Cognitive Radio Networks Versus CRAHN Spectrum Sharing in CRAHN MAC Protocols in CRAHN Scaling Laws of CRAHN CRAHN Models Spectrum Availability Map Spectrum Availability Probability Variable-Size Spectrum Bands Multichannel Multiradio Support Resultant Channel Model Local and Global Information Local Control in Spectrum Management Game-Theoretic Approach Graph Coloring-Based Algorithms Partially Observable Markov Decision Process Bioinspired Schemes Local Control Schemes for Spectrum Sharing How to Apply Local Control Schemes in CRAHN? Framework of Local Control Schemes Fairness in Spectrum Sharing Protocol Design and Illustrations Conclusion References Medium Access in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks Introduction Network Model and Requirements System Model Requirements CM-MAC: CSMA-/CA-Based MAC Protocol for CRAHNs Protocol Description Channel Aggregation Spectrum Access and Sharing Mobility Support Analytical Analysis Mobility Effect Throughput Case Study Numerical Results Conclusions References Routing in Multihop Cognitive Radio Networks Introduction Routing Problems in Cognitive Radio Networks Classification of Cognitive Radio Networks Spectrum Knowledge PU Activity Centralized and Basic Distributed Protocols Centralized Protocols Distributed Protocols Control Information Source- or Destination-Based Routing Geographical Protocol for Dynamic Networks Initial Route Setup Greedy Forwarding PU Avoidance Joint Channel-Path Optimization Simulations and Illustrations Opportunistic Cognitive Radio Multihop Protocol Protocol Overview OCR Performance Metrics Probabilistic Formulations Further Improvements Simulation Results and Illustrations Summary of Protocols Conclusion References Economics of Cognitive Radio Introduction Game Theory Strategic-Form Game Model Market Evolution and Equilibrium Cooperative Trading Model for Cognitive Radio Fixed-Price Trading Model Auction Models Single-Sided Auctions Double-Sided Auctions Simulations and Illustrations Fixed-Price Markets Single-Sided Auctions Areas for Future Research Conclusions References Security Concerns in Cognitive Radio Networks Introduction Security Properties in Cognitive Radio Networks Trust for Cognitive Radio Security Foundation of Trust Evaluation Fundamental Axioms of Trust Trust Models Effect of Trust Management Route Disruption Attacks Introduction Liu-Wang Security Mechanisms Illustrations of Liu-Wang''s Security Mechanisms Jamming Attacks Introduction System Model Optimal Strategy with Perfect Knowledge Illustrations for Wu-Wang-Liu''s Model PU Emulation Attacks Transmitter Verification Scheme for Spectrum Sensing Chen-Park-Reed''s Noninteractive Localization of Primary Signal Transmitters Simulation Results of the Chen-Park-Reed Scheme Conclusion References Index r) Energy Detector Feature Detection Comparison Design Trade-Off and Challenges Multiband Spectrum Sensing Introduction Serial Spectrum Sensing Techniques Parallel Spectrum Sensing (Multiple Single-Band Detectors) Wavelet Sensing Compressed Sensing Angle-Based Sensing Blind Sensing Other Algorithms Comparison Conclusion References Cooperative Spectrum Acquisition Introduction Basics of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Hard Combining Soft Combining Hybrid Combining.